Go to content

References

Alþingi. (2006). Lög um stjórn fiskveiða. 2006 nr. 116, 10. ágúst. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2006116.html
Alþingi. (2019). Lög um skóga og skógrækt. 2019 nr. 33 15. maí. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2019033.html
Alþingi. (2023a). Þingsályktun um landbúnaðarstefnu til ársins 2040. 153. löggjafarþing 2022–2023.Nr. 21/153. Þingskjal 1930  —  914. mál. https://www.althingi.is/altext/153/s/1930.html
Alþingi. (2023b). Tillaga til þingsályktunar um landbúnaðarstefnu til ársins 2040. Frá matvælaráðherra. 153. löggjafarþing 2022–2023. Þingskjal 1430  —  914. mál. Stjórnartillaga. https://www.althingi.is/altext/153/s/1430.html
Alþingi. (2024a). Þingsályktun um landsskipulagsstefnu fyrir árin 2024–2038 ásamt fimm ára aðgerðaáætlun fyrir árin 2024–2028. 16. maí 2024. https://www.althingi.is/altext/154/s/1724.html
Alþingi. (2024b). Lög um náttúruvernd. 2013 nr. 60, 10. apríl 2024. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/154b/2013060.html  
Alþingi. (2024c). Kaflar lagasafns: 35. Umhverfismál. 12. apríl 2024. https://www.althingi.is/lagasafn/kaflar/nuna/35.html
Alþingi. (2024d). Ferðamálastefna og aðgerðaáætlun til ársins 2030. 1036. mál, þingsályktunartillaga Þingsályktun 18/154. 154. löggjafarþing 2023–2024. https://www.althingi.is/thingstorf/thingmalalistar-eftir-thingum/ferill/154/1036/?ltg=154&mnr=1036
Bärkraft.ax network. (n.d.). Development and sustainability agenda for Åland. https://www.regeringen.ax/sites/default/files/attachments/page/development-and-sustainability-agenda-for-aland.pdf
Barkved, L. J., Enge, C., Furuseth, I.S. & Sandin, L. (2024). Practical experiences with nature-based solutions in the Nordics. Summarising insights from eight pilot projects (2022–23). Nordic Council of Ministers. Denmark: Copenhagen. https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-519/
Bergesenstiftelsen. (2022). Bynatur – et uttrykk for vår tids natursyn. Kunstavisen. https://kunstavisen.no/artikkel/2022/bynatur-et-uttrykk-var-tids-natursyn
Bergström, L., Borgström, P., Smith, H.G., Bergek, S., Caplat, P., Casini M., Ekroos J., Gårdmark A., Halling C., Huss M., Jönsson AM., Limburg K., Miller P., Nilsson L., Sandin L. (2020). Klimatförändringar & biologisk mångfald – slutsatser från IPCC & IPBES i ett svenskt perspektiv. Klimatologi, (56). https://www.smhi.se/polopoly_fs/1.164056!/Klimatologi_56%20Klimatf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ndringar%20och%20biologisk%20m%C3%A5ngfald.pdf
Borges, L. A., Rohrer, L., & Nilsson, K. (2024). Green and healthy Nordic cities: How to plan, design, and manage health-promoting urban green space. https://doi.org/10.6027/r2024:11403-2503
Boyland, M., Tuhkanen, H., Green, J. & Barquet, K. (2022). Principles for just and equitable nature-based solutions. SEI discussion brief May 2022. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://weadapt.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/principles-for-just-and-equitable-nature-based-solutions.pdf
Catalano, C., Campiotti, A., Baldacchini, C. (2021). Possible ways to foster the uptake of knowledge on Nature-based Solutions. Biodiversa+ https://www.biodiversa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/MS3.9_Report_uptake-of-knowledge-on-NbS.pdf
CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat. (n.d.). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 2030 Targets (with Guidance Notes). https://www.cbd.int/gbf/targets
Chausson, A., Smith, A., Reger, R. Z. Z., O’Callaghan, B., Mori Clement, Y., Zapata, F., & Seddon, N. (2024). Harnessing nature-based solutions for economic recovery: A systematic review. PLOS Climate, 3(10), e0000281.
Christensen, T., Lægreid, O. M., & Lægreid, P. (2019). Administrative coordination capacity; does the wickedness of policy areas matter?. Policy and Society38(2), 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2019.1584147 
Cohen-Shacham, E., Walters, G., Janzen, C. and Maginnis, S. (eds.) (2016). Nature-based Solutions to address global societal challenges. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2016-036.pdf
Darpö, J. (2023). Nordic Environmental Permitting Processes. TemaNord 2023:522. Copenhagen: The Nordic Council of Ministers. https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-522/
Davis, M., Cuevas, N. B., & Gvein, M. H. (2024). Transforming ambition into action to catalyse nature-based solutions: Insights from 250 good practice policy instruments. Nature-Based Solutions, 6, 100171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100171
De los Casares, V. and Ringel, M. (2023). Nature-based Solutions for climate change adaptation in the European Union: Part I, European Chair for Sustainable Development and Climate Transition, Working Paper Series. https://www.sciencespo.fr/psia/chair-sustainable-development/2023/05/23/nature-based-solutions-for-climate-adaptation-in-the-european-union-part-i-mapping-eu-and-national-initiatives/
De Vries, S., Buijs, A. E., & Snep, R. P. H. (2020). Environmental justice in the Netherlands: Presence and quality of greenspace differ by socioeconomic status of neighbourhoods. Sustainability, 12(15), 5889. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155889 
Dubovik, M., Rinta-Hiiro, V., zu Castell-Rüdenhausen, M., Wendling, L., Laikari, A., Jakstis, K., Fischer, L. K., Spinnato, P., Jermakka, J., Fatima, Z., Ascenso, A., Miranda, A. I., Roebeling, P., Martins, R., Mendonça, R., Vela, S., Cioffi, M., Mok, S., Botto, S., & Gambucci, E. (2022). Nature-Based Solutions Implementation Handbook. Urban Nature Labs (UNaLab) Deliverable D5.5. https://unalab.eu/system/files/2024-01/d55-nbs-implementation-handbook2024-01-04.pdf
Dunlop, T., Khojasteh, D., Cohen-Shacham, E., Glamore, W., Haghani, M., van den Bosch, M., ... & Felder, S. (2024). The evolution and future of research on Nature-based Solutions to address societal challenges. Communications Earth & Environment, 5(1), 132.
EEA – European Environment Agency. (2016). Environment and climate policy evaluation. EEA Report No 18/2016. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: 10.2800/68508 https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environment-and-climate-policy-evaluation
EEA – European Environment Agency. (2020). State of nature in the EU. Results from reporting under the nature directives 2013-2018. EEA Report No 10/2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: 10.2800/705440. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/state-of-nature-in-the-eu-2020
EEA – European Environment Agency. (2021). Nature-based solutions in Europe: Policy, knowledge and practice for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. EEA Report No 1/2021. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: 10.2800/919315. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nature-based-solutions-in-europe
EEA – European Environment Agency. (2023). Who benefits from nature in cities? Social inequalities in access to urban green and blue spaces across Europe. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/who-benefits-from-nature-in 
EEA – European Environment Agency. (2024). Delivering justice in sustainability transitions. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/delivering-justice-in-sustainability-transitions
Eggermont, H., Balian, E., Azevedo, J. M. N., Beumer, V., Brodin, T., Claudet, J., Fady, B., Grube, M., Keune, H., Lamarque, P., Reuter, K., Smith, M., Van Ham, C., Weisser, W. W., & Roux, X. L. (2015). Nature-based solutions: new influence for environmental management and research in Europe. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 24(4), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.24.4.9
Energidepartementet. (2024). Meld. St. 27 (2023–2024). Tryggare framtid – førebudd på flaum og skred. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-27-20232024/id3041181/
Engelbrecht Hansen, A., Borgman, E., Fisher-Bogason, R., Nainggolan, D., Engen, S., Tunaal White, L., Olsen Kyrkjeejde, M., Nowell, M. S., Woroniecki, S., Heimes, K., Kaupi, P. (2023). Synergies between climate and biodiversity objectives in laws, policies and management practices. Nordic Council of Ministers. Denmark: Copenhagen. https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-510/
EU – European Union. (2023). EU Missions. Adaptation To Climate Change. Meet the Regions and Local Authorities. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2023. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8a222614-73e5-4253-a3de-d8712885d470_en?filename=EU_HE_Missions_Climate_Meet%20the%20Regions_Factsheet_05122023.pdf  
European Commission. (2019). The European Union, Iceland and Norway agree to deepen their cooperation in climate action. Press release Oct 25, 2019, Brussels. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_19_6160
European Commission. (2021a). Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions – A handbook for practitioners. Publications Office of the European Union, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/244577
European Commission. (2021b). Forging a climate-resilient Europe - the new EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change. COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS. Brussels, 24.2.2021. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0082
European Commission. (2021c). EU biodiversity strategy for 2030. Bringing nature back into our lives. Directorate-General for Environment. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/31e4609f-b91e-11eb-8aca-01aa75ed71a1/language-en    
European Commission. (n.d.a). Nature-based solutions research policy. EU research and innovation policy, how the policy is implemented, library and links. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-area/environment/nature-based-solutions/research-policy_en
European Commission. (n.d.c). The European Green Deal. Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
European Commission. (n.d.d). Strategy and policy. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy_en
European Council. (2023). Paris Agreement: Council submits updated NDC on behalf of EU and member states. Council of the EU, Press release, 16 October 2023. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/16/paris-agreement-council-submits-updated-ndc-on-behalf-of-eu-and-member-states/
European Investment Bank. (2023). Investing in nature-based solutions: State-of-play and way forward for public and private financial measures in Europe. https://www.eib.org/attachments/lucalli/20230095_investing_in_nature_based_solutions_en.pdf
Faivre, N., Fritz, M., Freitas, T., De Boissezon, B., & Vandewoestijne, S. (2017). Nature-Based Solutions in the EU: Innovating with nature to address social, economic and environmental challenges. Environmental Research, 159, 509–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.032
Finnish Government. (2024). Government Report on Finland’s National Climate Change Adaptation Plan until 2030: Wellbeing, Safety and Security in a Changing Climate. Publications of the Finnish Government 2024:11. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-814-7
Gałecka-Drozda, A., Wilkaniec, A., Szczepańska, M., & Świerk, D. (2021). Potential nature-based solutions and greenwashing to generate green spaces: Developers’ claims versus reality in new housing offers. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 65, 127345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127345
Huang, W., & Lin, G. (2023). The relationship between urban green space and social health of individuals: A scoping review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 85, 127969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127969 
IEEP, ICLEI, IUCN, UNEP-WCMC, Biodiversa+ (2024). NetworkNature Naturebased Solutions policy screening and analysis of needs and gaps for 2024- 2030 with 6 priority policy themes. EU HORIZON-CL6-2022-BIODIV-01, Project ID 101082213. https://networknature.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/iclei-networknature-ieep-report-v06-final-web.pdf
IFRC - The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (n.d.). Nature-based solutions. https://www.ifrc.org/our-work/disasters-climate-and-crises/climate-smart-disaster-risk-reduction/nature-based-solutions
IPBES - The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2019). Media Release: Nature’s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’; Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating’. https://www.ipbes.net/news/Media-Release-Global-Assessment
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2017). IUCN Issues Brief: Nature-Based Solutions to Disasters. https://iucn.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/nbs_to_disasters_issues_brief_final.pdf
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2020a). Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions. A user-friendly framework for the verification, design and scaling up of NbS. First edition. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2020.08.en
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2020b). Guidance for using the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions. A user-friendly framework for the verification, design and scaling up of Nature-based Solutions. First edition. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. DOI: https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/49071
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2022a). Enhancing legal and policy frameworks for Nature-based Solutions in the Western Balkans. Story, 20.07.22. https://iucn.org/story/202207/enhancing-legal-and-policy-frameworks-nature-based-solutions-western-balkans
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2022b). Aquaculture and Nature-based Solutions : identifying synergies between sustainable development of coastal communities, aquaculture, and marine and coastal conservation. Gland, Switzerland. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/49887
Jakstis, K., Dubovik, M., Laikari, A., Mustajärvi, K., Wendling, L., & Fischer, L. K. (2022). Informing the design of urban green and blue spaces through an understanding of Europeans’ usage and preferences. People and Nature, 5(1), 162–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10419
Jian, Y. (2023). Green bonds and green environment: exploring innovative financing mechanisms for environmental project sustainability. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30, 122293–122303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30580-y
Klima- og miljødepartementet. (2009). Lov om forvaltning av naturens mangfold (naturmangfoldloven). LOV-2009-06-19-100. https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2009-06-19-100
Klima- og miljødepartementet. (2024). Meld. St. 35 (2023–2024). Bærekraftig bruk og bevaring av natur — Norsk handlingsplan for naturmangfold. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-35-20232024/id3054780/
Kommunesektorens interesseorganisasjon. (2023). Synergier og konflikter i lokal miljø- og klimapolitikk. https://www.ks.no/contentassets/e4afc658b225402c808d8fc57201fe19/Samspillseffekter-Inspirasjonshefte-2023.pdf
Kurrer, C. & Petit, A. (2024). Environment policy: general principles and basic framework. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/71/environment-policy-general-principles-and-basic-framework
Kystdirektoratet. (2024). Pulje til kystbeskyttelse 2024. https://kyst.dk/klimatilpasning/pulje-til-kystbeskyttelse-2024
Landbrugsstyrelsen. (2022). Multifunktionel jordfordeling. https://lbst.dk/tilskud/tilskudsguide/2014-22/multifunktionel-jordfordeling 
Lind, M.H. & Hansen, K.E.E. (2023). Klimatilpasning i danske kommuners klimahandlingsplaner. Rapport. November 2023 - opdateret februar 2024. CONCITO. https://realdania.dk/publikationer/faglige-publikationer/klimatilpasning-i-danske-kommuners-klimahandlingsplaner
Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö. (2010). Laki tulvariskien hallinnasta. https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2010/20100620
Maes, J., Teller, A., Erhard, M., Conde, S., Vallecillo Rodriguez, S., Barredo Cano, J.I., Paracchini, M., Abdul Malak, D., Trombetti, M., Vigiak, O., Zulian, G., Addamo, A., Grizzetti, B., Somma, F., Hagyo, A., Vogt, P., Polce, C., Jones, A., Marin, A., Ivits, E., Mauri, A., Rega, C., Czucz, B., Ceccherini, G., Pisoni, E., Ceglar, A., De Palma, P., Cerrani, I., Meroni, M., Caudullo, G., Lugato, E., Vogt, J., Spinoni, J., Cammalleri, C., Bastrup-Birk, A., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., San Román, S., Kristensen, P., Christiansen, T., Zal, N., De Roo, A., De Jesus Cardoso, A., Pistocchi, A., Del Barrio Alvarellos, I., Tsiamis, K., Gervasini, E., Deriu, I., La Notte, A., Abad Viñas, R., Vizzarri, M., Camia, A., Robert, N., Kakoulaki, G., Garcia Bendito, E., Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Scarpa, S., Montanarella, L., Orgiazzi, A., Fernandez Ugalde, O. and Santos-Martín, F. (2020). Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services: An EU ecosystem assessment. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. doi:10.2760/757183. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC120383
Martire, S., Breil, M., Budding, m., Zimmer, D., Tonks, E., Vikstrom, S., Turunen, V. (2022). Understanding the scaling potential of Nature-based Solutions. ETC CA Report 2022/2. https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-ca/products/etc-ca-products/etc-ca-report-2-22-understanding-the-scaling-potential-of-nature-based-solutions
Matvælaráðuneyti. (2024). Reglugerð um sjálfbæra landnýtingu. 670/2024. https://island.is/reglugerdir/nr/0670-2024  
Matvælaráðuneytið. (2022). Land og líf. Landgræðsluáætlun og landsáætlun í skógrækt. Stefna og framtíðarsýn í landgræðslu og skógrækt til ársins 2031. https://www.stjornarradid.is/library/01--Frettatengt---myndir-og-skrar/MAR/Fylgiskjol/Landoglif_Stefna2031%20-%20Copy%20(1).pdf 
Matvælaráðuneytið. (2023). Matvælastefna Íslands til ársins 2040. https://www.stjornarradid.is/gogn/rit-og-skyrslur/stakt-rit/2023/10/12/Matvaelastefna-Islands-til-arsins-2040/  
Mauchaza, B. T., Harris, M., Antonova, M., Ramalheiro, F., Iyengar, A. (2024). What is the state of evidence on how Nature-based Solutions promote transformative change for the sustainable use and management of biodiversity in socio-ecological systems? Biodiversa+ D4.8 - A knowledge synthesis. https://www.biodiversa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/D4.8-Desk-Study-How-NBS-promote-Transformative-change-1.pdf
Mercer, L., Serin, E., Pearson, N. & Kyriacou, G. (2022). What are nature-based solutions to climate change? Explainer. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, The London School of Economics and Political Science. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/explainers/what-are-nature-based-solutions-to-climate-change/
Miettinen, H., Ilmola, J., Parviainen, J., Jalonen, P. & Seppinen, M. (2024). Kuntien ja maakuntien ilmastotyön tilanne 2023. https://www.kuntaliitto.fi/julkaisut/2024/2263-kuntien-ja-maakuntien-ilmastotyon-tilanne-2023  
Miljø- og Ligestillingsministeriet. (2024). Bekendtgørelse af lov om kystbeskyttelse m.v. LBK nr 73 af 18/01/2024. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2024/73
Miljødirektoratet. (2024). Klimatilpasning 2024 – 2028: Strategi og handlingsplan for Miljødirektoratets resultatområder. Rapport, M-2682. https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/2024/januar-2024/klimatilpasning-2024--2028/
Miljødirektoratet. (n.d.a). Tilskudd til naturrestaurering. https://soknadssenter.miljodirektoratet.no/NaturrestaureringSkjema/Startside/Index?id=82
Miljødirektoratet. (n.d.b). Tilskudd til vassmiljøtiltak – generell vassforvaltning. https://soknadssenter.miljodirektoratet.no/Vassmilj%C3%B8tiltakGenerellSkjema/Startside/Index?id=26
Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri. (2023a). Bekendtgørelse om udtagning af kulstofrige lavbundsjorder med henblik på genopretning af naturlig hydrologi (klima-lavbundsprojekter). BEK nr 1206 af 26/09/2023. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/1206
Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri. (2023b). Lov om administration af den fælles landbrugspolitik m.v. LOV nr 407 af 25/04/2023. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/407  
Monty, F., Murti, R., & Furuta, N. (2016). Helping nature help us. IUCN. http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.15.en
Nature-based Solutions Initiative. (2021). On the misuse of nature-based carbon ‘offsets’. https://www.naturebasedsolutionsinitiative.org/news/on-the-misuse-of-nature-based-carbon-offsets
NetworkNature. (2021). New Brief: What are Nature-based Solutions? Risks, concerns and opportunities? https://networknature.eu/new-brief-what-are-nature-based-solutions-risks-concerns-and-opportunities
NetworkNature. (2022). Knowledge Brief: Taking nature-based solutions up the policy ladder - from research to policy action. https://networknature.eu/product/26489
Nordic Co-operation. (2019). Our Vision 2030. Declaration, 20.08.19. https://www.norden.org/en/declaration/our-vision-2030
Nordic Co-operation. (2022). Nordic Ministerial Declaration on nature-based solutions. Declaration, 02.11.22. https://www.norden.org/en/declaration/nordic-ministerial-declaration-nature-based-solutions
Nordregio. (2016). The spatial planning systems in the Nordic region. In: Towards Sustainable Nordic City-Regions. A synthesis of the activities of the Nordic Working Group for Green Growth: Sustainable Urban Regions. Nordregio Report 2016:2. https://archive.nordregio.se/Global/NWG%204/Synthesis%20report.pdf
Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment. (2023). Meld. St. 26 (2022–2023). A changing climate – united for a climate-resilient society. Report to the Storting (white paper). https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/meld.-st.-26-20222023/id2985027/
NVE – Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat. (2023). Sikringshåndboka. NVE Digital veileder. https://veiledere.nve.no/sikringshandboka/
OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2021. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/38b0fdb1-en
OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Better regulation for the green transition. OECD Public Governance Policy Papers, No. 40. OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/c91a04bc-en
OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (n.d.). Water governance. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/water-governance.html
Oikeusministeriö. (2011). Vesilaki. https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2011/20110587
Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Christie, M., Baptiste, B., González-Jiménez, D., Anderson, C.B., Athayde, S., Barton, D.N., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Jacobs, S., Kelemen, E., Kumar, R., Lazos, E., Martin, A., Mwampamba, T.H., Nakangu, B., O'Farrell, P., Raymond, C.M., Subramanian, S.M., Termansen, M., Van Noordwijk, M., and Vatn, A. (eds.). (2022). Summary for Policymakers of the Methodological Assessment Report on the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6522392
Petersen, S. (n.d.). Nature and environmental management. Retrieved November 18, 2024. https://trap.fo/en/nature-and-landscape/natur-og-miljoforvaltning-pa-faeroerne/
Raymond, C.M., Berry, P., Breil, M., Nita, M.R., Kabisch, N., de Bel, M., Enzi, V., Frantzeskaki, N., Geneletti, D., Cardinaletti, M., Lovinger, L., Basnou, C., Monteiro, A., Robrecht, H., Sgrigna, G., Munari, L. and Calfapietra, C. (2017) An Impact Evaluation Framework to Support Planning and Evaluation of Nature-based Solutions Projects. Report prepared by the EKLIPSE Expert Working. Group on Nature-based Solutions to Promote Climate Resilience in Urban Areas. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Regeringen. (2024). Aftale om et Grønt Danmark. Aftale mellem regeringen, Landbrug & Fødevarer, Danmarks Naturfredningsforening, Fødevareforbundet NNF, Dansk Metal, Dansk Industri og Kommunernes Landsforening 24. juni 2024. https://www.regeringen.dk/aktuelt/publikationer-og-aftaletekster/aftale-om-et-groent-danmark/  
Romanelli, C., Cooper, D., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Maiero, M., Karesh, W. B., Hunter, D., & Golden, C. D. (2015). Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review. World Health Organistion/Secretariat of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.
Romanello, M., McGushin, A., Di Napoli, C., Drummond, P., Hughes, N., Jamart, L., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Rodriguez, B. S., Arnell, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Belesova, K., Cai, W., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Capstick, S., Chambers, J., Chu, L., Ciampi, L., Dalin, C., . . . Hamilton, I. (2021). The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future. The Lancet, 398(10311), 1619–1662. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01787-6 
Sander, G. (2023). European approaches support an essential definition of ecosystem-based management and demonstrate its implementation for the oceans. Ocean Development & International Law, 54(4), 421-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2023.2301105
Sandin, L., Seifert-Dähnn, I., Furuseth, I.S., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Zak, D., Alkan Olsson, J., Hanson, H., Sadat Nickayin, S., Wilke, M., Koivula, M., Rastas, M., Enge, C., Øie Kvile, K., Lorentzi Wall, L., Hoffmann, C.C. and Þrastardóttir, R. (2022). Working with Nature-Based Solutions. Synthesis and mapping of status in the Nordics. Nordic Council of Ministers. Denmark: Copenhagen. https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-562/
Seddon, N. (2022). Harnessing the potential of nature-based solutions for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Science, 376(6600), 1410-1416. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn9668
Sekulova, F. & Anguelovski, I. (2017). The Governance and Politics of Nature-Based Solutions. Deliverable 1.3: Part VII. Naturvation, Horizon 2020. https://naturvation.eu/sites/default/files/news/files/naturvation_the_governance_and_politics_of_nature-based_solutions.pdf
Sinclair, S., Stuart, S., Watson, J., Bull, J., Bryan, C., Sweidan, J., Burgass, M., Arlidge, W., Sinclair, C., Milner-Guilland, E.J. (n.d). The Conservation Hierarchy. Underpinning the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework. https://www.cbd.int/doc/strategic-plan/Post2020/postsbi/biodiversify1.pdf
SIWI - The Stockholm International Water Institute. (n.d.). What is Water Governance? https://siwi.org/undp-siwi-water-governance-facility/what-is-water-governance
Sowińska-Świerkosz, B., & García, J. (2022). What are Nature-based solutions (NBS)? Setting core ideas for concept clarification. Nature-Based Solutions, 2, 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100009
Statsministeriet. (2009). Act on Greenland Self-Government (translation). https://english.stm.dk/media/10522/gl-selvstyrelov-uk.pdf
Stjórnarráð Íslands. (2022). Land og líf. Landgræðsluáætlun og landsáætlun í skógrækt. Aðgerðaáætlun í landgræðslu og skógrækt 2022-2026. https://www.stjornarradid.is/library/01--Frettatengt---myndir-og-skrar/MAR/Fylgiskjol/Landoglif_Adgerdaaaetlun2026%20-%20Copy%20(1).pdf  
Suomen Kuntaliitto. (2012). Hulevesiopas. https://www.kuntaliitto.fi/julkaisut/2012/1481-hulevesiopas
Tapia, C., Gassen, N. S., & Lundgren, A. (2023). In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio report 2023:5. https://doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503
Teodoro, J. D., Prell, C., & Sun, L. (2021). Quantifying stakeholder learning in climate change adaptation across multiple relational and participatory networks. Journal of Environmental Management, 278, 111508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111508
The Government of Faroe Islands. (n.d.c). Faroese Parliament Enacts Law to Promote Sustainable Tourism. Retrieved November 18. 2024. https://www.government.fo/en/news/news/faroese-parliament-enacts-law-to-promote-sustainable-tourism
The Government of Greenland. (n.d.). Departement for Landbrug, Selvforsyning, Energi og Miljø. Retrieved November 18, 2024. https://naalakkersuisut.gl/Departementer/Dep_for_Land_Selvforsyn_Energi_og_Miljoe/Natur_og_Selvforsyning?sc_lang=da
The Government of Greenland. (n.d.b). Mineral Resources Act. https://govmin.gl/exploitation/get-an-exploitation-licence/mineral-resources-act/
The Government of the Faroe Islands. (n.d.a). Føroyar - The Faroe Islands. Retrieved November 18, 2024. https://www.government.fo/en/foreign-relations/about-the-faroe-islands
The Government of the Faroe Islands. (n.d.b). Ministry of Environment, environmental protection. Retrieved November 18, 2024. https://www.government.fo/en/the-government/ministries/ministry-of-environment/nature-environment-and-land/environmental-protection
Umhverfis- og auðlindaráðuneytið. (2021a). Verndun votlendis Aðgerðir I.4 á grundvelli aðgerðaáætlunar í loftslagsmálum. https://www.stjornarradid.is/library/02-Rit--skyrslur-og-skrar/Verndun%20votlendis%202021.pdf
Umhverfis- og auðlindaráðuneytið. (2021b). Í ljósi loftslagsvár - Stefna um aðlögun að loftslagsbreytingum. https://www.stjornarradid.is/library/02-Rit--skyrslur-og-skrar/%C3%8D%20lj%C3%B3si%20loftslagsv%C3%A1r.pdf
Umhverfisstofnun. (n.d.). Náttúruvernd. https://ust.is/umhverfisstofnun/log-og-reglur/reglugerdir/natturuvernd/   
UN – United Nations (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity. https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf
UN - United Nations. (n.d.). The 17 Goals. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (n.d.).  Preventing, Halting and Reversing Loss of Nature. https://www.decadeonrestoration.org/
UNDP – United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Climate change is a matter of justice – here’s why. https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/climate-change-matter-justice-heres-why
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme. (2021). Nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation. https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/37318/NBSCCM.pdf
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme. (2022a). Resolution adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly on 2 March 2022. 5/5. Nature-based solutions for supporting sustainable development. United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/39864/NATURE-BASED%20SOLUTIONS%20FOR%20SUPPORTING%20SUSTAINABLE%20DEVELOPMENT.%20English.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme. (2022b). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Decision Adopted by The Conference of The Parties to The Convention on Biological Diversity 15/4. https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-15/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme. (2023). Five drivers of the nature crisis. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/five-drivers-nature-crisis
UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme. (2022.) IHP-IX: Strategic Plan of the Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme: Science for a Water Secure World in a Changing Environment, ninth phase 2022-2029. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381318
UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2022). Draft decision -/CP.27. Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp2022_L19_adv.pdf
Valtiovarainministeriö. (2015). Kuntalaki. https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2015/20150410
Van Der Jagt, A., Tozer, L., Toxopeus, H., & Runhaar, H. (2023). Policy mixes for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions: An analysis of six European countries and the European Union. Environmental Science & Policy, 139, 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.10.011
Vannportalen. (n.d.). Organisering. https://www.vannportalen.no/organisering2/
Viinikka, A., Paloniemi, R., & Assmuth, T. (2018). Mapping the distributive environmental justice of urban waters. Fennia - International Journal of Geography, 196(1), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.11143/fennia.64137 
Vojinovic, Z. (2020). Nature-based solutions for flood mitigation and coastal resilience – Analysis of EU-funded projects. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/374113
Welden, E. A., Chausson, A., & Melanidis, M. S. (2021). Leveraging Nature‐based Solutions for transformation: Reconnecting people and nature. People and Nature, 3(5), 966-977. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10212
WHO – World Health Organisation. (2023). Climate change. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health
WHO Regional Office for Europe - World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe. (2016). Urban green spaces and health: A review of evidence. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/345751/WHO-EURO-2016-3352-43111-60341-eng.pdf
Wild, T. (2020). Nature-based solutions improving water quality & waterbody conditions – Analysis of EU-funded projects Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/2898
World Economic Forum. (2020). Nature risk rising: Why the crisis engulfing nature matters for business and the economy. World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_New_Nature_Economy_Report_2020.pdf 
World Economic Forum. (2024). The Global Risks Report 2024: 19th Edition. World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2024.pdf
Ympäristöministeriö. (1999). Maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki (Alueidenkäyttölaki). https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1999/19990132
Ympäristöministeriö. (2022). Ilmastolaki. https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2022/20220423
Ympäristöministeriö. (2022). Kansallinen luonnon virkistyskäytön strategia 2030. Valtioneuvoston julkaisuja 2022:13. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-685-3
Ympäristöministeriö. (2023). Luonnonsuojelulaki. https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2023/20230009
Ympäristöministeriö. (n.d.a). Suomen biodiversiteetti­politiikka. https://ym.fi/en/national-biodiversity-policy
Ympäristöministeriö. (n.d.b). Helmi habitats programme aims to strengthen biodiversity. https://ym.fi/en/helmi-habitats-programme
Ålands Lagting. (n.d). Tasks of the Parliament. https://www.lagtinget.ax/english/tasks-parliament
Ålands landskapsregering. (2017). Energi- och klimatstrategi för Åland till år 2030 [Energy and climate strategy for Åland until 2030]. https://www.regeringen.ax/sites/default/files/attachments/guidedocument/lr_energi_klimatstrat_2030.pdf