TemaNord2023:510

Synergies between
climate and biodiversity
objectives in laws, policies
and management practices

Synergies between climate and biodiversity objectives in laws, policies and management practices

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PREFACE LIST OF ACRONYMS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SCOPE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3. METHODOLOGY 4. SYNERGIES BETWEEN BIODIVERSITY, CLIMATE AND POLLUTION IN NATURE BASED SOLUTIONS 4.1 The relevance of NbS for synergy measures 4.2 Factors influencing NbS potentials 5. POLICY MEASURES AND SYNERGIES 5.1 International agreements and protocols 5.2 Legislative measures 5.3 Voluntary agreements 5.4 Financial measures 5.5 National, regional and local planning 5.6 Management approaches 6. SCREENING FOR POTENTIAL SYNERGIES IN MEASURES 6.1 Existing tools 6.2 An applied framework 6.3 The potential for integrating NbS into existing EU policies, strategies and approaches 7. POLICY LANDSCAPE IN THE FIVE NORDIC COUNTRIES 7.1 Sweden 7.2 Iceland 7.3 Norway 7.4 Finland 7.5 Denmark 8. CASE EXAMPLES OF SYNERGIES IN POLICY MEASURES Continuous Cover Forestry Provides Opportunities to Integrate Environmental Concerns in Production Forests in Sweden Protecting Pristine Wetlands – Eyjabakkar Wetlands in Iceland From National Pollinator Strategy to Local Pollinator Project in Norway Subsidies for Lowland Soil Projects in Denmark A Mix of Measures help Protect Shoreline Forests of Finland Accelerating Peatland Restoration through National Wetland Restoration Action Plan in Norway Pointing out Eelgrass Meadows as Protected Areas in Sweden Afforestation done by Farmers - Payment for Ecosystem Services in Iceland A government Resolution to Change the Path of Peatlands in Finland Promoting Green Roofs in Local Plans in Denmark Riparian Vegetation Protection Acts Safeguards Nature-based Solutions in Norway Action plans for Threatened Species and Habitats in Sweden Reclaiming Degraded Land to Mitigate Climate Change in Iceland Promoting Synergy Projects – National Subsidy Program in Denmark Preserving Biodiversity through Payment for Ecosystem Services: The Forest Biodiversity Programme METSO in Finland 9. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Measures suitable for achieving synergies Spatial awareness – considerations of suitability and the surrounding landscape Proper funding and cost-effectiveness Stakeholder involvement at multiple levels Accumulating knowledge and sharing knowledge Multiple and concise objectives from the beginning Have the measures been evaluated? Were further effects achieved? (Cultural, economic value etc.) Can the identified successful measures or projects (ensuring synergies) be applied in other countries/different regulatory settings? Beyond the scope of this project 10. SUCCESS STORIES – BUT NOT WITHOUT BARRIERS 11. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NORDIC COOPERATION 12. REFERENCES

Nordic Council of Ministers I www.norden.org/publications I pub@norden.org