Secure, affordable, and clean energy is fundamental to realising the Nordic vision of becoming the most sustainable and integrated region in the world. Yet, in a time of geopolitical uncertainty, securing supply chains, power grids, and enabling technologies for an increasingly electrified society remains a major challenge.
Energy security is a prerequisite for both national security and industrial competitiveness. It carries strategic, political, and economic implications for countries and citizens alike, as well as for Nordic and international cooperation. If the Nordic countries are to meet their ambitious electrification and decarbonisation goals, policymakers must address not only the opportunities of the energy transition, but also the vulnerabilities of an increasingly interconnected energy system.
Despite growing risks, Nordic energy cooperation remains unique. Built on trust and longstanding collaboration, the Nordic countries have created one of the world’s most integrated and resilient cross-border energy systems. However, the strategic environment in the Nordic region has changed significantly. Disruptions in one part of the region can quickly affect neighbouring countries, while global supply chains, digitalisation, and growing strategic attention on the Arctic and North Atlantic introduce new dependencies and vulnerabilities.
Energy security is therefore high on the agenda for Nordic cooperation. In October 2025, the Nordic energy ministers adopted a joint declaration calling for closer cooperation to strengthen energy security and security of supply.
Against this backdrop, Nordic Energy Research commissioned this report from Economic Security Forum to assess energy security in the Nordic region, examine the resilience of Nordic cooperation itself, and propose actions to help ensure a clean, secure, and resilient energy system for businesses and citizens across the region.
At a time of growing uncertainty, the Nordic cooperation is more important than ever.
Klaus Skytte
CEO, Nordic Energy Research