AMAP | Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, a Working Groups of the Arctic Council |
AMO | Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation |
AR6 | IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report |
AW | Atlantic Water masses |
BACC | Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin |
Benthic | Refers to anything associated with or occurring on the bottom or in the sediments there |
Benthos | Benthic animals, plants, and microorganisms |
Browning (coastal) | Darkening water, typically because of increase in dissolved organic matter |
Cetacean | Whales, dolphins, and porpoises (subset of marine mammal) |
Chlorophyll-a | The primary photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria |
CMIP | Coupled Model Intercomparison Project https://wcrp-cmip.org/ Massive multi-model runs at the foundation of IPCC assessments. There are several generations, we refer to CMIP5 and the most recent finalised CMIP6. CMIP7 runs are ongoing but not produced. |
Demersal | Refers to fish and other animals that live near the bottom (opposed to pelagic) |
EIC | East Icelandic Current |
Eutrophication | (Problematically) high nutrient levels |
GSP | Gross secondary production. Measure for growth and reproduction of marine animals that feed on primary producers and other organic matter (typically zooplankton). |
HAB | Harmful algal bloom |
HELCOM | The Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission |
Hypoxia | Oxygen depletion. Low oxygen concentration. Anoxia is an extreme version. |
IPCC | The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
Marine mammals | In this report restricted to cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) and seals |
MHW | Marine heat wave |
MLD | Mixed Layer Depth |
MPA | Marine protected area |
NoBa Atlantis | The Nordic and Barents Seas Atlantis model (NoBa Atlantis) |
Nordic Seas | Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Sea |
Nordic Sea areas | All major seas in the Nordic region, the overall area covered in NorMECC and this report |
NorESM | Norwegian Earth System Model, a coupled global earth system model |
NorScen | Nordic climate Scenarios, related NCM funded project |
NOSCCA | North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment |
NORWECOM.E2E | NORWegian ECOlogical Model system end-to-end. A marine ecosystem model. |
NPP | Net primary production. Biomass produced by plants and algae (primarily phytoplankton) through photosynthesis, minus the organic material consumed for their own respiration. |
NPZD | Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus model. NORWECOM.E2E for instance. |
Ocean acidification OA | Changes in chemical properties of the ocean due to increased levels of CO2 entering from the atmosphere. Decrease in pH. |
Pelagic | Residing in free water masses (as opposed to demersal, benthic…) |
ROMS | Regional Ocean Model System |
SPG | Subpolar gyre |
SPNA | Subpolar North Atlantic |
SSP1-2.6 | SSPs, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, are scenarios of projected global changes up to 2100 adopted by IPCC. E. g., SSP1-2.6 is a low emission scenario labelled “Sustainability (Taking the Green Road)”. 2.6 refers to additional radiative input of 2.6 w/m2 by 2100. Corresponds to average global temperature increase of 1.5–2.0 °C |
SSP2-4.5 | Intermediate IPCC scenario “Middle of the Road”. Temperature increase ca 2.7 °C |
SSP3-7.0 | High emission scenario "A Rocky Road" Temperature increase ca 3.0 °C |
SSP5-8.5 | Extremely high emission scenario “Fossil-fuelled Development” Temperature increase 4.3 °C or more |