References

Andersen, M.S., Frohn, L.M., Brandt, J. & Jensen, S.S., 2007. External effects from power production and the treatment of wind energy (and other renewables) in the Danish energy taxation system. In: Deketelaere, K. et. al., eds.,: Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation: International and Comparative Perspectives, Volume IV. Oxford University Press, pp 319–337.

Andersen, Mikael Skou, Frohn, Lise Marie, Nielsen, Jytte Seested, Nielsen, Malene, Jensen, Joan B. Jensen, Steen Solvang, Christensen, Jesper Heile, Brandt, Jørgen, 2008. A Non-linear Eulerian Approach for Assessment of Health-cost Externalities of Air Pollution. European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists 16th Annual Conference, Gothenburg, Sverige, 25. juni 2008–28. juni  2008. pp 23, peer reviewed proceeding.

Andersen, M. S., L. M. Frohn Rasmussen og J. Brandt, 2019. Miljøøkonomiske beregningspriser for emissioner 3.0. Notat fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi. Dato: 14. marts 2019. pp. 22. Institut for Miljøvidenskab, Aarhus Universitet. https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notater_2019/Miljoeoekonomiske_beregningspriser_for_emissioner.pdf

Anenberg, S.C., Belova, A., Brandt, J., Fann, N., Greco, S., Guttikunda, S., Heroux, M.-E., Hurley, F., Krzyzanowski, M., Medina, S., Miller, B., Pandey, K., Roos, J. and Van Dingenen, R. (2016), Survey of Ambient Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment Tools. Risk Analysis, 36: 1718–1736. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12540

Brandt, J., Silver, J.D., Frohn, L., Geels, C., Gross, A., Hansen, A.B., Hansen, K.M., Hedegaard, G.B, Skjøth, C. A., Villadsen, H., Zare, A., Christensen, J., H., 2012. An integrated model study for Europe and North America using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model with focus on intercontinental transport. Atmospheric Environment, Volume 53, June 2012, pp, 156–176, doi:10,1016/j,atmosenv,2012,01,011.

Brandt, J., J. D. Silver, J. H. Christensen, M. S. Andersen, J. Bønløkke, T. Sigsgaard, C. Geels, A. Gross, A. B. Hansen, K. M. Hansen, G. B. Hedegaard, E. Kaas and L. M. Frohn, 2013a: “Contribution from the ten major emission sectors in Europe to the Health-Cost Externalities of Air Pollution using the EVA Model System – an integrated modelling approach”. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, pp. 7725-7746, 2013.

Brandt, J., J. D. Silver, J. H. Christensen, M. S. Andersen, J. Bønløkke, T. Sigsgaard, C. Geels, A. Gross, A. B. Hansen, K. M. Hansen, G. B. Hedegaard, E. Kaas and L. M. Frohn, 2013b: “Assessment of Past, Present and Future Health-Cost Externalities of Air Pollution in Europe and the contribution from international ship traffic using the EVA Model System”. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 13, pp. 7747–7764, 2013.

Christensen, J.H., 1997. The Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model – a three-dimensional air pollution model used for the Arctic. Atmospheric Environment, 31, 4169–4191.

DØRS, 2016. Værdi af statistisk liv (Value of a statistical life), kap1 i Økonomi og Miljø 2016, Kbh: Det Miljøøkonomiske Råd (Danish Economic Councils). In Danish.

EEA, 2011. Peifer, H. About the EEA reference grid. EEA, September 2011. Note.

Ellermann, T., Nordstrøm, C., Brandt, J., Christensen, J., Ketzel, M., Massling, A., Bossi, R., Frohn, L.M., Geels, C., Jensen, S.S., Nielsen, O.-K., Winther, M.,  Poulsen, M.B., Monies, C., Sørensen, M.B. 2022. Luftkvalitet 2020. Status for den nationale luftkvalitetsovervågning. Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, 144 s. - Videnskabelig rapport nr. 467. http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR467.pdf. In Danish with English summary.

Ellermann, T., Nordstrøm, C., Brandt, J., Christensen, J., Ketzel, M., Massling, A., Bossi, R., Frohn, L.M., Geels, C., Jensen, S.S., Nielsen, O.-K., Winther, M., Poulsen, M.B., Monies, C., Sørensen, M.B., Andersen, M.S., Sigsgaard, T., 2023 Luftkvalitet 2021. Status for den nationale luftkvalitetsovervågning. Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, 148 s. - Videnskabelig rapport nr. 533. http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR533.pdf . In Danish with English summary.

EU 2004. Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Official Journal of the European Union L 23.

EU, 2008. DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe.

European Commission (2014) Guide to Cost-Benefit Analysis of Investment Projects: Economic appraisal tool for Cohesion Policy 2014–2020. Luxembourg.

European Commission, 2022. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Brussels, 26.10.2022. COM(2022) 542 final (including the Annexes).

Friedrich, R., Bickel, P. (2001). The Impact Pathway Methodology. In: Friedrich, R., Bickel, P. (eds) Environmental External Costs of Transport. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04329-5_2

Frohn, L. M., Christensen, J.H., Brandt, J. and Hertel, O., 2001. Development of a high resolution integrated nested model for studying air pollution in Denmark. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (B), 26(10), 769-774. http://dx.doi.org:10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00084-3

Frohn, L.M., Geels, C., Andersen, C., Andersson, C., Bennet, C., Christensen, J.H., Im, U., Karvosenoja, N., Kindler, P.A., Kukkonen, J., Lopez-Aparicio, S., Nielsen, O.-K., Palamarchuk, Y., Paunu, V.-V., Plejdrup, M.S., Segersson, D., Sofiev, M. and Brandt, J.: “Evaluation of multi-decadal high-resolution atmospheric chemistry-transport modelling for exposure assessments in the continental Nordic countries”. 2022. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 290, 119334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119334

Frohn, Lise M., Camilla Geels, Jørgen Brandt, Jesper Heile Christensen, Kaj Mantzius Hansen, Ole Hertel, Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, Gitte Brandt Hedegaard, Peter Vangsbo Madsen, Mikael Skou Andersen, Jytte Seested Nielsen og Lars Moseholm, 2008: ”EVA - et model system til estimering af eksterne omkostninger relateret til luftforurening”. Miljø og Sundhed. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 7–13, 2008.

Gao, D., Ripley, S., Weichenthal, S., Pollitt, K.J.G, 2020. Ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: Chemical determinants, associated health effects, and strategies for risk management. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 May 1; 151:7-25. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.028.

Héroux et al., 2015. Quantifying the health impacts of ambient air pollutants: recommendations of a WHO/Europe project. Int J Public Health (2015) 60:619–627. DOI 10.1007/s00038-015-0690-y

Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C. , Radu R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D.,  Simmons, A.,  Soci, C., Dee. D., Thépaut, J. N. (2018). ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1979 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), 10.

Hvidtfeldt, U. A. Ketzel, M., Sørensen, M., Khan, J., Brandt, J., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., 2018. Evaluation of the Danish AirGIS dispersion modelling system against measured concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Environmental Epidemiology. June 2018 – Vol. 2 - Issue 2 - p e014.

Im, Ulas, J. H. Christensen, O.-K. Nielsen, M. Sand, R. Makkonen, C. Geels, C. Anderson, J. Kukkonen, S. L. Aparicio, and J. Brandt, 2019. Contributions of Nordic anthropogenic emissions on air pollution and premature mortality over the Nordic region and the Arctic. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12975–12992, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12975-2019.

Jensen, S. S., Brandt, J., Ketzel, M., Ellermann, T., Nielsen, O.-K. Plejdrup, M.S., Winther, M., Andersen, M.S., Sigsgaard. T. (2021): Helbredseffekter af Black Carbon i Københavns Kommune. DCE-Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, 74s. - Videnskabelig rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 430, http://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR430.pdf

Khan, J., K. Kakosimos, O. Raaschou-Nielsen, J. Brandt, S. S. Jensen, T. Ellermann, M. Ketzel, 2019. Development and Performance Evaluation of New AirGIS - A GIS Based Air Pollution and Human Exposure Modelling System. Atmospheric Environment, Vol 198, pp. 102–121.

Kumar, A. J. Brandt, M. Ketzel, R. S. Patil, A. K. Dikshit, O. Hertel, 2019. Evaluation of the Urban Background Model (UBM) and AERMOD for Mumbai city. Environmental Modelling & Assessment. Volume: 24 Issue: 1 Pages: 75–86.

Lehtomaki, H., Geels, C., Brandt, J., Rao, S., Yaramenka, K., Astrom, S., Andersen, M. S., Frohn, L. M., Im, U., and Hanninen, O.: Deaths Attributable to Air Pollution in Nordic Countries: Disparities in the Estimates, Atmosphere-Basel, 11, ARTN 467 10.3390/atmos11050467, 2020.

Ministry of Environment of Denmark, 2022. Tender specifications for advertising of a project within the auspices of the Nordic Working Group for Climate and Air (NKL) regarding Analysis of new WHO Air Quality Guidelines in the Nordic countries and Europe. 24.03.2022.

OECD, 2012. Mortality Risk Valuation in Environment, Health and Transport Policies, Paris.

OECD, 2006. Cost-benefit analysis and the environment, Paris.

Plejdrup, M.S., Nielsen, O.-K., Gyldenkærne, S. & Bruun, H.G. 2021. Spatial high-resolution distribution of emissions to air – SPREAD 3.0. Aarhus University, DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, 208 pp. Technical Report No. 215, http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR215.pdf

Raaschou-Nielsen, O., E. Thorsteinson, S. Antonsen, G. J Holst, A. Tjønneland,  M. Ketzel, T. Sigsgaard, C. Geels, J. Brandt, C. B Pedersen, U. A. Hvidtfeldt, 2020 Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in the Danish - a nationwide study. The Lancet EClinicalMedicine. Vol. 28, 100605, 11.2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100605 

Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, J., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Barker, D., Wang, W. and Powers, J.G., 2008: “A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3”. NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN-475+STR. 27p.

Sommar, J.N.; Hvidtfeldt, U.A.; Geels, C.; Frohn, L.M.; Brandt, J.; Christensen, J.H.; Raaschou-Nielsen, O.; Forsberg, B. Long-Term Residential Exposure to Particulate Matter and Its Components, Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone—A Northern Sweden Cohort Study on Mortality. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168476 

WHO 2006. World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines: global update 2005: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/107823  

WHO, 2013: Health risks of air pollution in Europe— HRAPIE project: recommendations for concentration-response functions for cost–benefit analysis of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/airquality/publications/2013/health-risks-of-air-pollution-in-europe-hrapieprojectrecommendations-for-concentrationresponse-functions-forcostbenefit-analysis-of-particulate-matter,-ozone-and-nitrogendioxide.

WHO 2021: WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240034228