DK | FI | IS | NO | SE | |
Year | 2019 | 2019 | 2019 | 2019 | 2019 |
Total | 5.8 | 5.5 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 10.2 |
Above 30 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 6.5 |
Above 30 in % | 64% | 66% | 59% | 63% | 64% |
Year | 2030 | 2030 | 2030 | 2030 | 2030 |
Total | 6.0 | 5.5 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 11.1 |
Above 30 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 7.2 |
Above 30 in % | 67% | 70% | 64% | 66% | 65% |
Year | 2019 to 2030 | 2019 to 2030 | 2019 to 2030 | 2019 to 2030 | 2019 to 2030 |
Difference in % | 3% | 0% | 17% | 8% | 8% |
Health endpoint | Pollutant | Range | Ages | RR per 10 μg/m3 | Valuation |
Mortality: | |||||
Acute mortality | O3 | >35* ppb | all | 1.0029 | 4526000 €/case |
NO2 (1h max) | no thresh. | all | 1.0027 | 4526000 €/case | |
PM2.5 | no thresh. | all | 1.0123 | 4526000 €/case | |
SO2 | no thresh. | all | 1.00072 | 4526000 €/case | |
Acute mortality infants | PPM2.5 (from PPM10) | no thresh. | Infants, postneonatal | 1.0400 | 6789000 €/case |
Chronic mortality | PM2.5 | no thresh. | >30 | 1.062 | 141000 €/YOLL |
NO2 | >20 ug/m3 | >30 | 1.0550 | 141000 €/YOLL | |
Hospital admissions (HA): | |||||
Cardiovascular HA/incl. stroke | PM2.5 | no thresh. | all | 1.0091 | 16494 €/case |
Cardiovascular HA/excl. stroke | O3 | >35* ppb | >65 | 1.0089 | 16368 €/case |
Respiratory HA | PM2.5 | no thresh. | all | 1.0190 | 10247 €/case |
Respiratory HA | O3 | >35* ppb | >65 | 1.0044 | 10247 €/case |
Respiratory HA | NO2 | no thresh. | all | 1.0180 | 10247 €/case |
Bronchitis (KOL)/children | PM2.5 from PM10 | no thresh. | <16 | 1.0480 | 167 €/case |
Bronchitis (KOL)/adults | PM2.5 from PM10 | no thresh. | >16 | 1.1170 | 40664 €/case |
Asthma symptoms/children | PM2.5 from PM10 | no thresh. | <16 | 1.0280 | 1366 €/case |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (RAD) | PM2.5 | no thresh. | all | 1.0470 | 160 €/day |
Working days lost (WLD) | PM2.5 | no thresh. | >30 | 1.0460 | 301 €/day |
Days with minor restricted activity (MRAD) | O3 | >35* ppb | all | 1.0154 | 81 €/day |
Lung cancer morbidity | PM2.5 | no thresh. | >30 | 1.14 | 74943 €/case |
*Actually as SOMO35 calculated from the sum of the highest ozone concentrations, and indicates the sum of 8-hour daily maximum values over 35 ppb during the year. |
Health effects | 2019 | 2030 | Difference |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 140 | 110 | -20% |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 270 | 200 | -23% |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 410 | 310 | -22% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 490 | 410 | -17% |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 130 | 120 | -8% |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 30 | 25 | -18% |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 290 | 240 | -17% |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 1300 | 1200 | -11% |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 18000 | 15000 | -14% |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 220000 | 190000 | -17% |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 35000 | 34000 | -1% |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 50 | 45 | -14% |
Total inhabitants | 594679 | 610810 | 3% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years | 381011 | 406416 | 7% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years (%) | 64% | 67% | 4% |
City contribution to city | City to city | ||||||
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 2 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 20 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 7 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 24 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 10 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 47 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 7 | 24 | 14 | 0 | 16 | 2 | 64 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 3 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 20 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 28 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 63 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 540 | 440 | 33 | 1 | 120 | 97 | 1200 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 6500 | 5400 | 400 | 11 | 1400 | 1200 | 15000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -220 | -1300 | -890 | -1 | -750 | -110 | -3200 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Contribution of Denmark to city | Denmark to city | ||||||
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 5 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 30 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 13 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 38 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 19 | 16 | 13 | 8 | 12 | 3 | 71 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 15 | 23 | 22 | 7 | 19 | 3 | 89 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 15 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 39 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 49 | 25 | 9 | 17 | 13 | 7 | 120 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 970 | 490 | 190 | 420 | 270 | 140 | 250 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 12000 | 5900 | 2300 | 5100 | 3200 | 1700 | 30000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -320 | -930 | -1100 | 310 | -420 | 89 | -2400 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
City to city | Denmark to city | Contribution from abroad | Total | |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | All | All | All | All |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 20 | 30 | 60 | 110 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 24 | 38 | 140 | 200 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 50 | 70 | 200 | 310 |
Total premature deaths (percentage) | 15% | 23% | 63% | 100% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 64 | 89 | 250 | 410 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 3 | 11 | 110 | 120 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 3 | 5 | 17 | 25 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 20 | 39 | 180 | 240 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 63 | 120 | 970 | 1200 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 1200 | 2500 | 12000 | 15000 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 15000 | 30000 | 140000 | 190000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -3200 | -2400 | 40000 | 34000 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 4 | 8 | 32 | 45 |
Health effects in 2030 | Mio. EUR | % |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 500 | |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 330 | |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 830 | 94% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 4 | |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 2 | |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 0 | |
Episodes with bronchitis among children and adults (PM2.5) | 10 | |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 5 | |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 30 | |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 3 | |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 3 | |
Total morbidity | 56 | 6% |
Total premature death and morbidity | 890 | 100% |
2030 | City contribution to city | Contribution of Denmark to city | City to city | Denmark to city | Contribution from abroad | Total | ||||||||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | All | All | All | |
Cost of health effects | 25 | 48 | 25 | 0 | 35 | 7 | 48 | 48 | 46 | 20 | 41 | 9 | 140 | 210 | 530 | 890 |
Costs in % | 3% | 5% | 3% | 0% | 4% | 1% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 2% | 5% | 1% | 16% | 24% | 60% | 100% |
Health effects | 2019 | 2030 | Difference |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 200 | 160 | -24% |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 420 | 350 | -17% |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 620 | 510 | -19% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 590 | 470 | -20% |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 180 | 180 | -1% |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 42 | 37 | -11% |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 400 | 380 | -5% |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 1700 | 1600 | -5% |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 81000 | 78000 | -4% |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 440000 | 410000 | -6% |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 52000 | 55000 | 4% |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 36 | 35 | -4% |
Total inhabitants | 1064033 | 1154401 | 8% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years | 677363 | 750685 | 11% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years (%) | 64% | 65% | 2% |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | City contribution to city | City to city | |||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 5 | 21 | 7 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 60 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 14 | 50 | 8 | 0 | 36 | 7 | 110 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 19 | 71 | 15 | 0 | 61 | 8 | 180 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 13 | 53 | 21 | 0 | 47 | 2 | 140 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 4 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 29 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 11 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 15 | 50 | 5 | 0 | 28 | 8 | 110 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 48 | 160 | 15 | 0 | 89 | 26 | 340 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 3100 | 10000 | 950 | 1 | 5700 | 1700 | 22000 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 16000 | 55000 | 5000 | 8 | 30000 | 8700 | 110000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -500 | -2100 | -940 | -5 | -1300 | -6 | -4900 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 10 |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | Contribution of Sweden to city | Sweden to city | |||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 5 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 28 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 14 | 25 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 63 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 19 | 35 | 8 | 6 | 17 | 5 | 90 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 11 | 25 | 10 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 66 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 5 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 23 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 16 | 27 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 67 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 50 | 84 | 12 | 14 | 32 | 15 | 200 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 3200 | 5500 | 820 | 1100 | 2200 | 1000 | 14000 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 17000 | 29000 | 4300 | 5700 | 11000 | 5400 | 73000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -1 | -300 | -15 | 440 | 350 | 140 | 610 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
City to city | Country to city | Contribution from abroad | Total | |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | All | All | All | All |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 60 | 28 | 68 | 160 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 120 | 63 | 170 | 350 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 180 | 90 | 240 | 500 |
Total premature deaths (percentage) | 35% | 18% | 47% | 100% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 140 | 66 | 270 | 470 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 29 | 23 | 130 | 180 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 11 | 7 | 19 | 37 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 110 | 67 | 210 | 380 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 340 | 210 | 1100 | 1600 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 22000 | 14000 | 43000 | 78000 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 115000 | 73000 | 230000 | 410000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -4900 | 610 | 59000 | 55000 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 10 | 6 | 20 | 35 |
Health effects in 2030 | Mio. EUR | % |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 710 | |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 460 | |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 1200 | 91% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 5 | |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 3 | |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 0 | |
Episodes with bronchitis among children and adults (PM2.5) | 16 | |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 24 | |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 66 | |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 4 | |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 3 | |
Total morbidity | 120 | 9% |
Total premature death and morbidity | 1300 | 100% |
2030 | City contribution to city | Contribution of Sweden to city | City | Sweden | Abroad | Total | ||||||||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | All | All | All | |
Cost of health effects | 47 | 180 | 46 | 0 | 170 | 18 | 45 | 88 | 23 | 15 | 47 | 11 | 460 | 230 | 600 | 1290 |
Costs in % | 4% | 14% | 4% | 0% | 13% | 1% | 3% | 7% | 2% | 1% | 4% | 1% | 36% | 18% | 47% | 100% |
Health effects | 2019 | 2030 | Difference |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 170 | 140 | -18% |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 220 | 190 | -13% |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 390 | 330 | -15% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 460 | 370 | -19% |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 120 | 110 | -7% |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 40 | 29 | -29% |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 230 | 200 | -11% |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 930 | 750 | -19% |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 17000 | 16000 | -9% |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 180000 | 160000 | -13% |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 16000 | 16000 | -1% |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 26 | 23 | -9% |
Total inhabitants | 687693 | 687865 | 0% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years | 456697 | 478652 | 5% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years (%) | 66% | 70% | 5% |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | City contribution to city | City to city | |||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 1 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 35 | 1 | 48 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 5 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 35 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 6 | 21 | 9 | 0 | 43 | 3 | 83 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 4 | 22 | 16 | 0 | 54 | 1 | 96 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -2 | 1 | 5 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 5 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 32 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 14 | 38 | 9 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 83 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 420 | 1100 | 270 | 17 | 390 | 230 | 2400 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 4300 | 12000 | 2800 | 170 | 4000 | 2400 | 25000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -82 | -780 | -810 | -2 | -2100 | -4 | -3800 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | Contribution of Finland to city | Finland to city | |||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 27 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 12 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 43 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 16 | 19 | 8 | 3 | 22 | 2 | 70 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 9 | 19 | 10 | 3 | 35 | 1 | 77 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 13 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 42 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 34 | 35 | 12 | 5 | 16 | 4 | 110 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 1000 | 1100 | 390 | 190 | 520 | 130 | 3300 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 10000 | 11000 | 4000 | 1900 | 5300 | 1300 | 34000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -120 | -390 | -210 | 140 | -650 | 33 | -1200 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
City to city | Country to city | Contribution from abroad | Total | |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | All | All | All | All |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 48 | 27 | 66 | 140 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 35 | 43 | 110 | 190 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 83 | 70 | 180 | 330 |
Total premature deaths (percentage) | 25% | 21% | 53% | 100% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 96 | 77 | 200 | 370 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 5 | 15 | 87 | 110 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 4 | 6 | 18 | 29 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 32 | 42 | 130 | 200 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 83 | 110 | 560 | 750 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 2400 | 3300 | 9800 | 16000 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 25000 | 34000 | 100000 | 160000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -3800 | -1200 | 21000 | 16000 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 3 | 4 | 16 | 23 |
Health effects in 2030 | Mio. EUR | % |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 640 | |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 280 | |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 920 | 95% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 4 | |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 2 | |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 0 | |
Episodes with bronchitis among children and adults (PM2.5) | 8 | |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 5 | |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 25 | |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 1 | |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 2 | |
Total morbidity | 50 | 5% |
Total premature death and morbidity | 960 | 100% |
2030 | City contribution to city | Contribution of Finland to city | City | Finland | Abroad | Total | ||||||||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | All | All | All | |
Cost of health effects | 15 | 55 | 29 | 1 | 170 | 8 | 37 | 48 | 22 | 8 | 77 | 4 | 280 | 200 | 490 | 960 |
Costs in % | 2% | 6% | 3% | 0% | 18% | 1% | 4% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 8% | 0% | 29% | 20% | 51% | 100% |
Health effects | 2019 | 2030 | Difference |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 22 | 21 | -5% |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 16 | 18 | 9% |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 39 | 39 | 1% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 57 | 58 | 2% |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 13 | 14 | 9% |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 6 | 6 | -8% |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 36 | 37 | 4% |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 200 | 300 | 9% |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 3900 | 4300 | 9% |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 31400 | 32000 | 2% |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 11900 | 11500 | -3% |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 3 | 4 | 9% |
Total inhabitants | 226661 | 264756 | 17% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years | 134433 | 168473 | 25% |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years (%) | 59% | 64% | 7% |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | City contribution to city | City to city | |||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 0 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 0 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2 ,O3) | 0 | 1 | 22 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 28 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 0 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 21 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 2 | 256 | 258 | 8 | 74 | 95 | 694 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 14 | 1912 | 1926 | 62 | 552 | 708 | 5175 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -9 | -103 | -2522 | -425 | -46 | -3 | -3108 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | Contribution of Iceland to city | Iceland to city | |||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 8 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 16 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5 ,O3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 0 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 23 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 1 | 85 | 308 | 213 | 282 | 44 | 933 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 8 | 632 | 2299 | 1589 | 2102 | 326 | 6957 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 21 | 12 | -1095 | 14 | -15 | -4 | -1067 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Health effects of air pollution in 2030 | City to city | Country to city | Contribution from abroad | Total |
All | All | All | All | |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 15 | 8 | -2 | 21 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 4 | 4 | 9 | 18 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 17 | 11 | 11 | 39 |
Total premature deaths (percentage) | 43% | 27% | 30% | 100% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 28 | 16 | 14 | 58 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 0 | 1 | 13 | 14 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 7 | 9 | 21 | 37 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 21 | 23 | 258 | 302 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 694 | 933 | 2656 | 4282 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 5175 | 6957 | 19802 | 31934 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | -3108 | -1067 | 15651 | 11475 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Health effects in 2030 | Mio. EUR | % |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 96 | |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 31 | |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 127 | 93% |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 1 | |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 0 | |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 0 | |
Episodes with bronchitis among children and adults (PM2.5) | 2 | |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 1 | |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 5 | |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 1 | |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 0 | |
Total morbidity | 10 | 7% |
Total premature death and morbidity | 138 | 100% |
2030 | City contribution to city | Contribution of Iceland to city | City | Iceland | Abro-ad | Total | ||||||||||
SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | SNAP2 | SNAP7 | SNAP8 | SNAP10 | SNAP134 | SNAP569 | All | All | All | All | |
Cost of health effects | 0 | 5 | 51 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 70 | 41 | 26 | 137 |
Costs in % | 0% | 4% | 37% | 5% | 4% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 18% | 3% | 8% | 1% | 51% | 30% | 19% | 100% |
Health effects | 2019 |
Acute mortality (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 130 |
Chronic mortality (PM2.5, NO2) | 320 |
Total premature deaths (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3) | 450 |
Hospital admissions due to respiratory symptoms (PM2.5, NO2, O3) | 490 |
Hospital admissions due to cardio-vascular diseases (PM2.5, O3) | 150 |
Episodes with asthma among children (PM2.5) | 24 |
Episodes with bronchitis among adults (PM2.5) | 390 |
Episodes with bronchitis among children (PM2.5) | 1600 |
Working days lost (PM2.5) | 25000 |
Days with restricted activity (sick days) (PM2.5) | 300000 |
Days with minor restricted activity (O3) | 21000 |
Lung cancer morbidity (PM2.5) | 52 |
Total inhabitants | 697526 |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years | 439860 |
Inhabitants over age of 30 years (%) | 63% |
Area (km2) | Inhabitants in 2019 | Inhabitants in 2030 | 2019 | 2030 | Difference | |
København | 95 | 594,679 | 610,810 | 410 | 310 | -22% |
Stockholm | 207 | 1,064,033 | 1,154,401 | 620 | 510 | -19% |
Helsinki | 195 | 687,693 | 687,865 | 390 | 330 | -15% |
Reykavik | 173 | 226,661 | 264,756 | 39 | 39 | 1% |
Oslo | 262 | 664,000 | 697,526 | 450 | n.a. | n.a. |
From city | From country | From abroad | Total | |
København | 15% | 23% | 63% | 100% |
Stockholm | 35% | 18% | 47% | 100% |
Helsinki | 25% | 21% | 53% | 100% |
Reykavík | 43% | 27% | 30% | 100% |
Oslo | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Area (km2) | Inhabitants in 2019 | Inhabitants in 2030 | 2019 | 2030 | Difference | |
København | 95 | 594,679 | 610,810 | 1.1 | 0.9 | -21% |
Stockholm | 207 | 1,064,033 | 1,154,401 | 1.6 | 1.3 | -20% |
Helsinki | 195 | 687,693 | 687,865 | 1.2 | 0.9 | -16% |
Reykavík | 173 | 226,661 | 264,756 | 0.14 | 0.14 | -2% |
Oslo | 262 | 664,000 | 697,526 | 1.2 | n.a. | n.a. |