Annex I – Project Information and Methodology for the Report
Project objectives
This project aims to deepen the knowledge and understanding of financing solutions and sources for responding to and addressing L&D, including from public, private and blended sources of finance. A key outcome includes to move the discourse forward with concrete and workable solutions, opening for greater ambition in financing L&D. It is also meant to feed into the ongoing work of the Transitional Committee and the Glasgow Dialogue.
More specifically, the project will assess the potential for using taxation and/or levies from international shipping and passenger air travel; utilizing the voluntary and non-voluntary carbon markets; potential of insurance instruments; and solutions for climate-related debt instruments and other financing solutions. The project will result in a report, which will be subject to in-depth discussion in an online seminar/workshop 14th September 2023, and the findings will be presented at COP28.
Project organisation
The project is led by Ms. Cathrine Wenger (Wenger Law), and the project team includes renowned experts in climate change, L&D finance and innovative climate solutions, hereunder Mr. Sönke Kreft, Professor Christina Voigt, Mr. Manuel Bueno and Mr. Rawleston Moore. In addition, the project has drawn extensively on a wide range of experts and stakeholders across the Global North and Global South. The project’s steering group consists of Nordic national experts from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland, coordinated by Ms. Anna Gran from the NKL.
About the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Nordic Working group for Climate and Air (NKL)
The Nordic Working Group for Climate and Air (NKL) is part of the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM). The vision of the NCM is to make the Nordic region the most sustainable and integrated region in the world by 2030. As part of the vision, the NCM aims to contribute to the positive development of international co-operation on the environment and climate, hereby to contribute to ambitious and solutions-oriented outcomes within the international climate change negotiations. The support to this project is expected to support this purpose.
Methodology
Under follows a short description of the methodology used in preparing the Report.
Research activities
Analysis of scientific and grey literature on finance for L&D, hereunder:
Online search modules for scientific literature, such as: Westlaw, Hein Online, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, JSTOR, Google Scholar, et al
Library access, hereunder database searches at University of Oslo
The IPCC’s sixth synthesis report on climate change and the IPCC’s sixth assessment report on adaptation and loss and damage, as a starting point for framing L&D in the context of identifying sources of finance for addressing L&D for countries that are particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Assessment of grey literature, such as, but not limited to:
Information relevant under the UNFCCC COP/CMA:
The submissions on funding arrangements and fund for L&D
Documents relevant to the TC meetings and workshops
The web pages for funds under the financial mechanism, such as the GCF, GEF, AF, LDCF, etc.
The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), adaptation communications and transparency reporting relevant for L&D finance
Web pages and reports of the World Bank, IMF and MDBs, including relevant information from the World Bank Spring Meetings
Documents and presentations prepared for the summit for a New Global Financing Pact, and relevant information resulting from the summit.
Documents and presentations prepared for ICAO and IMO meetings relevant for climate change finance.
Documents prepared for and resulting from the Ministerial Consultations by the COP Presidencies prior to COP28, if these are prior to the finalisation of the Report.
Reports from NGOs and other non-party stakeholders
Attendance at meetings/events relevant to finance for responding to L&D, hereunder:
Virtual attendance through web links for the TC meetings and workshops.
Virtual attendance at seminars relevant for financing addressing L&D at the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact.
Attendance at the SBI/SBSTA negotiations in Bonn in June
Mandated event/workshop on the Glasgow Dialogue (8–10 June)
Negotiations on Santiago Network relevant for finance of L&D
Negotiations on the Global Stocktake (GST) relevant for finance of L&D
A selection of key experts was interviewed in the drafting phase of the Report, ensuring inclusivity and stakeholder participation, and a wide range of experts will be invited to contribute at the seminar/workshop. [a list of names will be included if found necessary, although these could be included in the acknowledgment of the Report instead.]
Webinar discussion with experts and organizations helped with further refine the findings of the Report.
Annex II – the public webinar
In a public webinar held the 14th of September, the Project Team presented its initial key findings in the study/report. Expert presenters and panellists were included to enhance the discussion with case studies and examples from a wide range of institutions and organisations, including Association of Small Island States (AOSIS), the African Development Bank (AfDB), the World Food Programme (WFP), the Adaptation Fund (AF), University of Oxford, University of Oslo, the World Bank (WB), YOUNGO, and Indigenous Peoples representative from the Saami Council. These experts were present for the panel discussion in which the attendees were able to ask questions using the chat box.