AMAP | Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, a Working Groups of the Arctic Council |
AR5 | IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report |
AR6 | IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report |
BACC | Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin |
BSAP | Baltic Sea Action Plan |
Chlorophyll-a | The primary photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria |
CMIP | Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Massive multi-model runs at the heart of IPCC assessments. There are several generations, we refer to CMIP3, CMIP5, CMIP6 (most recent finalised), and CMIP7 (ongoing) |
CNRM-CM6-1 | French CMIP6 global climate model used for climate change projections and research |
DIN | Dissolved inorganic nitrogen |
DIP | Dissolved inorganic phosphorus |
EC-Earth | European Community Earth System Model, a coupled earth system model |
EEZs | Countrys’ Exclusive Economic Zone |
E-HYPE | European HYdrological Predictions for the Environment is a hydrological model used to simulate water flow and nutrient transport across Europe. |
ERA5 | High resolution atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). |
EURO-Cordex | Coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment focused on Europe. |
FlexSem | Flexible Spatial Ecosystem Model, a marine ecosystem modelling approach |
GSP | Gross secondary production. |
HCLIM | High-resolution Climate Model developed for regional climate downscaling |
HELCOM | The Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission |
HIROMB-BOOS-HIRLAM (HBH) | Advanced regional coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling system primarily used for marine and coastal environment studies in the Baltic Sea region |
ICES | International Council for the Exploration of the Seas |
IPCC | The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
MHW | Marine heat wave |
NCM | The Nordic Council of Ministers |
NEMO-NA10km | A regional ocean model that covers the area from the North Atlantic to the Arctic |
NEMO-SCOBI | An ocean model coupled to the Swedish Coastal and Ocean Biogeochemical model, that covers the North Sea, the Skagerrak–Kattegat transition zone and the Baltic Sea. |
NoBa Atlantis | The Nordic and Barents Seas Atlantis model (NoBa Atlantis) |
NorESM | Norwegian Earth System Model, a coupled global earth system model |
NorScen | Nordic climate Scenarios, the NCM funded project behind this report |
NORWECOM.e2e | NORWegian ECOlogical Model system end-to-end. A marine ecosystem model. |
NOSCCA | North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment |
NPP | Net primary production |
NPZD | Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus model |
OSPAR | Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic |
Pelagic | Residing in free water masses (as opposed to demersal, benthic…) |
Psu | Practical salinity units - dimensionless unit for salinity |
RAS | Recirculating Aquaculture Systems |
SSP1-2.6 | SSPs, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, are scenarios of projected socioeconomic global changes up to 2100 adopted by IPCC. SSP1-2.6 is a low emission scenario labelled “Sustainability (Taking the Green Road)” |
SSP2-4.5 | Intermediate IPCC scenario labelled “Middle of the Road” |
SSP3-7.0 | High emission scenario labelled "A Rocky Road" |
SSP5-8.5 | Extremely high emission scenario labelled “Fossil-fuelled Development” |
SSP | Sea Surface Pressure |
SST | Sea Surface Temperature |
TAC | Total Allowable Catch |