TemaNord 2024:545

Policy Options for Reducing Consumption-Based Emissions

A Nordic Survey

Policy Options for Reducing Consumption-Based Emissions

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Preface Summary Svensk sammanfattning Acknowledgements 1. Introduction and Background Goals, main focus, delimitation and content of report 2. Calculation Methods for Consumption-Based Emissions 3. Consumption-Based Emissions in the Nordic Countries Country specific information Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Ambitions to Reduce Consumption-Based GHG Emissions Across the Nordics 4. EU Perspective on Consumption-Based Policies 5. Policy and Acceptability 6. Approach to Policy Mapping and Delphi Methodology Research Approach Mapping Consumption-Oriented Policy Measures (steps 1 and 2) Academic Literature Scoping Review Policy Delphi (step 3) 7. Results Consumption-Oriented Policy Mapping Mapping the Academic Literature Mapping Non-Academic Literature Policy Instruments Longlist Policy Delphi Round 2. Regulatory Standards Public Procurement Reduce Incentives that Promote Commuting to Work by Car Subsidies to Increase Demand for Low-Emission Products Consumption Taxes Consumer Guides and Dietary Advice Carbon Tax Ban on Short Flights Fee and Dividend to Low-Income Households Advertising Regulation Product Labels Frequent Flyer Tax Round 1. Extension of Product Lifetime Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism VAT Differentiation Required Recycling Enabling Recycling Extended Producer Responsibility Conditioning Tax Deductions for Home Repairs Information Campaigns Flight Rights Cross-Cutting themes in the Policy Delphi 8. Discussion and Conclusion New Policy Instruments May Be Politically Sensitive Conclusions from the Policy Delphi Pros and Cons of Consumption Taxes Policy Recommendations Improve Statistics and Set Clear Ambitions Pursue Nordic Cooperation Take Advantage of the Longlist of Possible and Promising policies Reduce Barriers to Policy Implementation References

Nordic Council of Ministers I www.norden.org/publications I pub@norden.org