LCA on reuse of packaging in the Nordics

Appendix G. LCI tables takeaway

Single use takeaway container

Production

Raw materials	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source	Comments
PP bowl + lid	59	g	Scope of project - Based on product found in Amazon TIYA (2023) https://www.amazon.com/TIYA-Takeout-Food-Containers-Microwavable/dp/B09YVN84FC/ref=sr_1_14?keywords=glad%2B42%2Boz%2Bcontainers&qid=1696063979&sr=8-14&th=1	Secondary	Europe (RER)	polypropylene production, granulate (RER)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cutoff	Default scenario
Process	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset		Comments
Extrusion and thermoforming	calculated in model	g	Scope of project	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	extrusion of plastic sheets and thermoforming, inline (RER)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cutoff

Distribution

Transportation method	Distance	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source	Comments
Road, truck, >32 t, EURO 4	3500	km	Plastic LCA method	Secondary	Intracontinental (Europe)	transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO4 - RER - transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO4	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cutoff	Default scenario

Use

Transportation	Value	Unit	Share	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source	Comments
No impact	5	km	33%	Plastic LCA method	-	-	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cutoff
Car	5	km	62%	Plastic LCA method	RER	transport, passenger car (RER, market for transport, passenger car)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cutoff	Considering volume of container to be 0.00125 m³ and divided by 0.2 m³, as suggested in plastic method
Round trip, by van (lorry <7.5t, EURO 3, utiisation ratio of 20%	5	km	5%	Plastic LCA method	RER	transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5 metric ton, EURO 3 (RER, market for transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5,metric ton, EURO3)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cutoff

End-of-life

	Recycling	Incineration	Landfill	Sources	Comments
	R2	R3	1-R2-R3
Denmark	22,90%	77,10%	0,00%	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Norway	27,90%	72,10%	0,00%	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Finland	26,20%	73,80%	0,00%	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Sweden	33,50%	66,50%	0,00%	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Comments	27,63%	72,38%	0,00%

Recycling

Process	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Plastic recycling	22,90%	%	ecoinvent dataset	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	polyethylene production, high density, granulate, recycled	0
Credit material	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Virgin PP	12,16	g	ecoinvent dataset	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	polypropylene production, granulate	0

Incineration

Process	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Incineration PP	77,10%	%			CH	treatment of waste polypropylene, municipal incineration with fly ash extraction	0
Credit energy	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Electricity credit	0,042	kWh	IEA	Secondary data	Nordics	Electricity mix Nordics	Mix developed in project
Heat credit	0,452	MJ	IEA	Secondary data	Nordics	Heat mix Nordics	Mix developed in project

Reusable takeaway container

Production

Raw materials	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset (Ev)	Source	Comments
PP bowl	193	g	Based on kleenhub and vytal data	Primary data	Europe (RER)	polypropylene production, granulate - RER - polypropylene, granulate	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off
TPE part of lid	42,5	g	Based on kleenhub and vytal data	Primary data	Europe (RER)	acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (RER, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer production)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off
PP part of lid	31,5	g	Based on kleenhub and vytal data	Primary data	Europe (RER)	polypropylene production, granulate - RER - polypropylene, granulate	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off
Process	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
injection moulding	267	g	Scope of project	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	injection moulding - RER - injection moulding	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off

Distribution

Transportation method	Distance	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source	Comments
Road, truck, >32 t, EURO 4	3500	km	Plastic LCA method	Secondary	Intracontinental (Europe)	transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO4 - RER - transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO4	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off

Use

Washing	Type of washing	Value	Unit	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source	Comments
Hand washing	Soap	0,34	g	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	See full inventory in appendix	Porras, Gabriela & Keoleian, Gregory & Lewis, Geoffrey & Seeba, Nagapooja. (2020). A guide to household manual and machine dishwashing through a life cycle perspective. Environmental Research Communications. 2. 021004. 10.1088/2515-7620/ab716b.	Dataset selected based on Schowanek et al. 2018
	Electricity	0,03	kWh	Secondary data	Nordic mix	Nordic mix
	Water	0,62	L	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	tap water (Europe without Switzerland)
Dishwashing	Soap	0,19	g	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	See full inventory in appendix
	Electricity	0,02	kWh	Secondary data	Nordic mix	Nordic mix
	Water	0,17	L	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	tap water (Europe without Switzerland)
None
Professional dishwasher	Soap	0,0003	kg/kg container	Secondary	Europe (RER)	See full inventory in appendix	https://ivl.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1737773/FULLTEXT02.pdf
	Electricity	0,077	kWh/kg container	Secondary	Nordic mix	Nordic mix
	Water	0,144	kg/kg container	Secondary	Europe (RER)	tap water (Europe without Switzerland)
Transportation	Value	Unit	Share	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source	Comments
No impact	5	km	33%	Assumption based on Plastic LCA method	Europe (RER)	-
Car	5	km	62%	Assumption based on Plastic LCA method	Europe (RER)	transport, passenger car (RER, market for transport, passenger car)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off	Considering volume of container to be 0.00125 m³ and divided by 0.2 m³, as suggested in plastic method
Round trip, by van (lorry <7.5t, EURO 3, utiisation ratio of 20%	5	km	5%	Assumption based on Plastic LCA method	Europe (RER)	transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5 metric ton, EURO 3 (RER, market for transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5,metric ton, EURO3)	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off

End-of-life

	Recycling	Incineration	Landfill	Sources	Comments
	R2	R3	1-R2-R3
Denmark	22,90%	77,10%	-	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Norway	27,90%	72,10%	-	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Finland	26,20%	73,80%	-	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)
Sweden	33,50%	66,50%	-	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_WASPAC__custom_7013298/default/table?lang=en	EUROSTAT (2020)

Recycling

Process	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Plastic recycling	27,63%		ecoinvent dataset	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	polyethylene production, high density, granulate, recycled	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off
Credit material	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Virgin PP	66,38	g	ecoinvent dataset	Secondary data	Europe (RER)	polypropylene production, granulate	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off

Incineration

Process	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Incineration PP	72,38%				CH	treatment of waste polypropylene, municipal incineration with fly ash extraction	Ecoinvent 3.9.1 Cut-off
Credit energy	Value	Unit	Source	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Electricity credit	0,010	kWh	IEA	Secondary data	Nordics	Electricity mix Nordics	Mix developed in project
Heat credit	0,204	MJ	IEA	Secondary data	Nordics	Heat mix Nordics	Mix developed in project

Soaps and detergents

Washing	Manual dishwashing product formulation	Concentration	Type of data	Geographical coverage	Dataset	Source
Handwashing soap	Softened Water	83%	Secondary data: literature	Europe RER	RER: water, completely softened, at plant	Golsteijn, L., Menkveld, R., King, H. et al. A compilation of life cycle studies for six household detergent product categories in Europe: the basis for product-specific A.I.S.E. Charter Advanced Sustainability Profiles. Environ Sci Eur 27, 23 (2015).
	Ethanol denaturated	< 0.1%			RER: ethanol from ethylene, at plant
	Phenoxyethanol	< 1%			RER: ethylene glycol, at plant
	Propylene Glycol	< 0.1%			RER: propylene glycol, at plant
	Surfactant system (anionic – non-ionic)*	0,1385			RER: ethoxylated alcohols*
	NaOH	< 0.2%			RER: sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant
	NaCl	< 2%			RER: sodium chloride, powder, at plant
	Perfume	< 0.5%			Empty process
	Dye (2 types)	< 0.1%			Empty process
	Preservatives	< 0.1%			Empty process
Dishwasher tablet detergent	Sodium carbonate	50%	Secondary data: literature	Europe RER	RER: soda ash, light	Procter&Gamble. Yes Original Allt i Ett, kapslar for maskindisk, datasheet (2016)
	Sodium carbonate peroxide	20%			RER: soda ash, light
	PEG/PPG Propylheptyl Ether	10%			RER: ethylene oxide
	Sodium silicate	10%			RER: sodium silicate
	Protease	<1%			RER: chemical, organic