Go to content

References

Amundson, R., Berhe, A.A., Hopmons, J.W., Olson, C., Sztein, A.E. (2015). Soil and human security in the 21st century. Science 348, DOI: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1261071
Bednar, J., Höglund, R., Möllersten, K., Obersteiner, M., & Tamme, E. (2023). The role of carbon removal in meeting the long-term goal of the Paris Agreement. Stockholm: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
Carbfix (2024). Where does it work. Accessed on 12th August 2024 via: https://www.carbfix.com/
Carbon Neutral Finland (2019). Tools and services. Retrieved from https://hiilineutraalisuomi.fi/en-US/Tools_and_services 
Centre for public impact (2016). The rise of electric vehicles in Norway. https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/electric-cars-norway
Convention on Wetlands (2021). Global guidelines for peatland rewetting and restoration. Ramsar Technical Report No. 11. Gland, Switzerland: Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands.
Crofts, R. (2011). Healing the Land: the story of Land Reclamation and Soil Conservation in Iceland Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Iceland.
Cris, R., Buckmaster, S., Bain, C. & Bonn, A. (Eds.) (2011). UK Peatland Restoration — Demonstrating Success.  IUCN UK National Committee Peatland Programme, Edinburgh
Council on economic policies (2024). Denmark’s Green Tax Reform: G20 Countries Should Take Notice. https://www.cepweb.org/denmarks-green-tax-reform-g20-countries-should-take-notice/
Dansk Fjernvarme (2023). The role of district heating in the energy system. Danish District Heating Association. Retrieved from https://danskfjernvarme.dk/media/dvrlhhco/theroleofdistrictheating_en.pdf
Danmarks Radio (n.d). Elbiler. https://www.dr.dk/viden/webfeature/elbiler
Danmarks Radio (2024). Den sorteste industri har endelig knækket kurven: Forurener klimaet mindre efter CO2-afgift. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/klima/den-sorteste-industri-har-endelig-knaekket-kurven-forurener-klimaet-mindre-efter
Danish Climate Council (n.d). About the Danish council on climate change. https://klimaraadet.dk/en/about-danish-council-climate-change
Environment Agency of Iceland (2022). Report on Policies, Measures and Projections: Projections of Greenhouse gas emissions in Iceland until 2040. Retrieved from: https://ust.is/library/Skrar/loft/NIR/PaMsProjections_Reportper cent202022_published.pdf
Eriksson, F. A., Karlsson, A., Zetterberg, L., Bragadóttir, H. (2023). Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2018–2021. Nordic Council of Ministers. TemaNord, ISSN 0908-6692; 2023:520. DOI: 10.6027/temanord2023-520
Energistyrelsen (2024). Klimastatus og -fremskrivning 2024. https://ens.dk/service/fremskrivninger-analyser-modeller/klimastatus-og-fremskrivning
European Commission (2023a). Council Recommendation (EU) 2023/320 of 14 February 2023 on Energy Storage – Underpinning a decarbonised and secure EU energy system. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEXper cent3A32023H0320(01)&qid=1679302898964
European Commission (2023b). Circular economy: New law on more sustainable, circular and safe batteries enters into force. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/new-law-more-sustainable-circular-and-safe-batteries-enters-force-2023-08-17_en
European Commission (n.d). European Alternative Fuels Observatory, Norway. https://alternative-fuels-observatory.ec.europa.eu/transport-mode/road/norway
European Environmental Agency (2024). Electric vehicles. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/electric-vehicles
European Parliament (2022). EU ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2035 explained. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20221019STO44572/eu-ban-on-sale-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2035-explained
European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC) (2022). EGEC geothermal market report 2022. EGEC. ICAP (2024). Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report 2024. Berlin: International Carbon Action Partnership. https://icapcarbonaction.com/system/files/document/240522_report_final.pdf
FAO (2020). FAO Soils Portal Key definitions. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved from: FAO Soils Portal Key definitions. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 
Finansministeriet (2022). Aftale mellem regeringen og Venstre, Socialistisk Folkeparti, Radikale Venstre, Det Konservative Folkeparti om: Grøn skattereform for industri mv. https://www.regeringen.dk/media/11468/aftaletekst-groen-skattereform.pdf
Fridahl, M., Schenuit, F., Lundberg, L., Möllersten, K., Böttcher, M., Rickels, W., & Hansson, A. (2023). Novel carbon dioxide removals techniques must be integrated into the European Union’s climate policies. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(459). doi:10.1038/s43247-023-01121-9
Folketinget (2024). Forslag til lov om ændring af lov om kuldioxidafgift af visse energiprodukter, lov om energiafgift af mineralolieprodukter m.v., lov om afgift af naturgas og bygas m.v., lov om afgift af stenkul, brunkul og koks m.v. og forskellige andre love. https://www.ft.dk/samling/20231/lovforslag/l183/index.htm
Folketinget (2020). Forslag til lov om klima. https://www.ft.dk/samling/20191/lovforslag/L117/index.htm
Green economy coalition (2017). Communal ownership drives Denmark's wind revolution. https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/news-and-resources/people-power-denmarks-energy-cooperatives
Goldstein, B., G. Hiriart, R. Bertani, C. Bromley, L. Gutiérrez-Negrín, E. Huenges, H. Muraoka, A. Ragnarsson, J. Tester, V. Zui (2011). Geothermal Energy. In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Government of Sweden (2023). Strategic plan for the implementation of the common agricultural policy in Sweden 2023-2027. Retrieved from: https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/bd779fd2cf644e7baec4d9bed12b9b61/strategisk_plan_inom_gjp/
Günther, A. Barthelmes, A., Huth, V. et al. (2020). Prompt rewetting of drained peatlands reduces climate warming despite methane emissions. Nat. Commun. 11, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15499-z
Hasan et al. (2021). Hasan Muslemani, Xi Liang, Katharina Kaesehage, Francisco Ascui, Jeffrey Wilson Opportunities and challenges for decarbonizing steel production by creating markets for ‘green steel’ products. 
Hickey, C., Fankhauser, S., Smith, S., & Allen, M. (2023). A review of commercialisation mechanisms for carbon dioxide removal. Frontiers in Climate. doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.1101525
Hinku Network’s Annual Report 2022. (2024). Working towards carbon neutrality. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/suomenymparistokeskus/docs/final-online_en-hinku-annual-report-2022 
Honegger, M. (2023). Toward the effective and fair funding of CO2 removal technologies. Nature Communications, 14(543).
ICAP (2024). Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report 2024. Berlin: International Carbon Action Partnership. https://icapcarbonaction.com/system/files/document/240522_report_final.pdf
Iceland Review (2024). Iceland Helps China Implement Geothermal Energy. Hämtat från Iceland Review: https://www.icelandreview.com/
IEA (2020). Energy technology perspectives 2020 - Special report on carbon capture, utilisation and storage. International Energy Agency.
IEA (2020). Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking. Downloaded 2024-08-12 from https://www.iea.org/reports/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap#downloads   
IEA (2023a). Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach, IEA, Paris. License: CC BY 4.0. https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach.
IEA (2023b). District heating. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/district-heating
IEA (2023c). Grid-scale storage. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/grid-scale-storage
IEA (2021). Geothermal heat and power. International Energy Agency. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/technology-roadmap-geothermal-heat-and-power
IETA (2023). EVOLUTION OF THE CARBON MARKETS. Grand-Rue 11 CH-1204 Genève Switzerland. https://ieta.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IETA_GHGMarketReport_2023.pdf
IETA (2023). EVOLUTION OF THE CARBON MARKETS. Grand-Rue 11 CH-1204 Genève Switzerland. https://ieta.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IETA_GHGMarketReport_2023.pdf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2022). Climate change 2022: Mitigation of climate change. Intergovernmental panel on climate change. Accessible at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FullReport.pdf
IPCC (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (2017). Geothermal energy: Technology brief. https://www.irena.org/publications/2017/Aug/Geothermal-power-Technology-brief
Interplas Insights (2022). Norway-based fully automated waste sorting plant maximises recovery rates with TOMRA sorters. https://interplasinsights.com/plastics-environment-news/plastics-recycling-partnerships/norway-based-fully-automated-waste-sorting-plant-maximises-r/
Johansen, K., & Werner, S. (2022). Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 156, 111988.
Köppl, A. and Schratzenstaller, M. (2022). Carbon taxation: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of economic surveys. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12531
Karhinen, S., et al. (2020). Impact of a climate network: The role of intermediaries in local level climate action. SSRN Electronic Journal https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3703510 
Kern, K., & Mol, A. P. J. (2017). City-networks, global climate governance, and the road to 1.5°C. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 26–27, 42–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.10.011
Keesstra, S. D., Bouma, J., Wallinga, J., Tittonell, P., Smith, P., Cerdà, A., Montanarella, L., Quinton, J. N., Pachepsky, Y., van der Putten, W. H., Bardgett, R. D., Moolenaar, S., Mol, G., Jansen, B., and Fresco, L. O. (2016). The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, SOIL, 2, 111–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-111-2016.
Keesstra, S., Mol, G., de Leeuw, J., Okx, J., de Cleen, M., Visser, S.,.(2018). Soil-related sustainable development goals: four concepts to make land degradation neutrality and restoration work. Land 7, 133.
Kreyling, J., Tanneberger, F., Jansen, F. et al. (2021). Rewetting does not return drained fen peatlands to their old selves. Nat Commun 12, 5693. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25619-y
Landström, M, Tynkkynnen, O. et al. (2019). Nordic Green to Scale for Cities and Communities: How far could we go simply by scaling up already proven climate solutions? Nordic Council of Ministers. Retrieved from https://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2per cent3A1368595&dswid=6847
Lam, D.P.M., Martín-López, B., Wiek, A. et al. (2020). Scaling the impact of sustainability initiatives: a typology of amplification processes. Urban Transform 2, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-020-00007-9
Luleå Energi (2023). SSAB och Luleå Energi samverkar för ett cirkulärt och fossilfritt energisystem i staden. Retrieved from https://www.luleaenergi.se/nyheter/ssab-och-lulea-energi-samverkar-for-ett-cirkulart-och-fossilfritt-energisystem-i-staden/
Lund, H., Möller, B., Mathiesen, B.V., & Dyrelund, A. (2010). The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems. Energy, 35(3), 1381–1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.11.023 
Lind, A., Norn Peter Andreas et al. (2023). Nordic Stocktake – Pathways to Climate Neutrality. Nordic Council of Ministers. https://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2per cent3A1807947&dswid=5781
Ministry of Climate and Enterprise (2024). Sweden’s updated National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030. KN2024/00362. Retrieved from:  https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/26d2c93e-641d-489f-a160-a7052fde58bb
Moore M.-L., Riddell D., Vocisano D. (2015). Scaling out, scaling up, scaling deep: strategies of non-profits in advancing systemic social innovation. J Corp Citizsh 2015:67–84. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298971574_Scaling_Out_Scaling_Up_Scaling_Deep_Strategies_of_Non-profits_in_Advancing_Systemic_Social_Innovation
Möllersten, K., Marklew, S., & Ahonen, H.-M. (2023). Regulatory frameworks for BECCS in the Nordic countries. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Möllersten, K., Tynkkynen, O., & Zetterberg, L. (2023). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon removal in the context of Nordic zero net GHG emissions. Copenhagen: Concito. Retrieved from: https://concito.dk/files/media/document/Policyper cent20briefper cent20-per cent20CSSper cent20per cent26per cent20CDR.pdf
Nordic Energy Research (2021). Nordic energy technology perspectives 2021. Nordic Energy Research. https://www.nordicenergy.org/publications/nordic-energy-technology-perspectives/
Nordic Energy Research (2018). 10 insights into the Nordic energy system. Nordic Energy Research. Retrieved from https://www.nordicenergy.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/10-Insights-A4.pdf
Norwegian government (2022). National charging strategy. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/national-charging-strategy/id2950371/?ch=3
Norwegian government (2021a). National Transport Plan 2022–2033. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/national-transport-plan-2022-2033/id2863430/?ch=6
Norwegian government (2021b). Nasjonal strategi for ein grøn, sirkulær økonomi. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nasjonal-strategi-for-ein-gron-sirkular-okonomi/id2861253/
Norsk elbilforening (2023). Nå får Norge et eget nullutslipps-mål også for lastebiler. https://elbil.no/na-far-norge-et-nullutslipps-mal-ogsa-for-lastebiler/
Nilsson, C., A. L. Aradottir, D. Hagen, G. Halldórsson, K. Høegh, R. J. Mitchell, K. Raulund-Rasmussen, K. Svavarsdóttir, A.Tolvanen, and S. D. Wilson (2016). Evaluating the process of ecological restoration. Ecology and Society 21(1):41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08289-210141
Nyirenda H. (2020). Soil carbon status after vegetation restoration in South West Iceland. Heliyon, Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2020, e05254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05254
OECD (2023). Effective Carbon Rates: Pricing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Taxes and Emissions Trading. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/b84d5b36-en.pdf?expires=1723709064&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=00A371DCEFF637295E3CAF0EAD633CC1 
OECD (2022a). OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Norway 2022, OECD Environmental Performance Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/59e71c13-en.
Orkustofnun (2024). Geothermal energy utilization in Iceland. Iceland National Energy Authority (Orkustofnun). https://nea.is/geothermal/
Passaro, F. (2022). A Green Future for Steel, Climate Bonds Initiative. 
Pareliussen, J. and A. Purwin (2023). "Climate policies and Sweden’s green industrial revolution", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1778, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/c0f4fa26-en
Patronen, J., Kaura, E., & Torvestad, C. (2017). Nordic heating and cooling: Nordic approach to EU's Heating and Cooling Strategy. Nordic Council of Ministers. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2017-532
Petursdottir, T., Aradottir, A. L., Baker, S., Halldorsson, G., & Sonneveld, B. (2017). Successes and failures in rangeland restoration: An Icelandic case study. Land Degradation & Development, 28(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2579
Polar Night Energy (2024). Loviisan Lämpö invests in Polar Night Energy's sand battery in Pornainen towards non-combustion heat production. Retrieved from https://polarnightenergy.com/loviisan-lampo-invests-in-polar-night-energys-sand-battery-in-pornainen-towards-non-combustion-heat-production/
Polar Night Energy (2021), Polar Night Energy’s heat storages have a massive potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, according to Mission Innovation’s New Assessment. Retrieved from: https://polarnightenergy.com/polar-night-energys-heat-storages-have-a-massive-potential-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-according-to-mission-innovations-new-assessment/
Polar Night Energy (2024a). Technology. Retrieved from https://polarnightenergy.com/sand-battery/
Ragnsells (2024). Norway should take the lead in biogas production in the Nordic region. https://newsroom.ragnsells.com/posts/pressreleases/norway-should-take-the-lead-in-biogas-product
Retsinformation (2018). Bekendtgørelse af lov om fremme af vedvarende energi. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2018/1003
Rootzén, J., Söderholm, P., Zetterberg, L., Krook-Riekkola, A., Karltorp, K, Johnsson, F., (2024). Framväxten av nya fossilfria värdekedjor från malm till fordon – Styrmedel som möjliggör omställningen. Forthcoming report at www.ivl.se
Sitra (2019). Biogas from food waste, Oslo. https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/biogas-from-food-waste-oslo/
Skatteministeriet (2024). En ny CO2-afgift i industrien er en realitet. https://skm.dk/aktuelt/presse-nyheder/pressemeddelelser/en-ny-co2-afgift-i-industrien-er-en-realitet
State of Green (2023). Storing heat for a cold day in Denmark’s capital region. Retrieved from https://stateofgreen.com/en/solutions/storing-heat-for-a-cold-day-in-denmarks-capital-region/
State of Green. (2023b). India and Denmark: Energy – a strategic green partnership with global potential. https://stateofgreen.com/en/publications/india-and-denmark-energy-a-strategic-green-partnership-with-global-potential/
Statistics Norway (2024). Avfallshandtering ved avfallsanlegg. https://www.ssb.no/natur-og-miljo/avfall/statistikk/avfallshandtering-ved-avfallsanlegg
Stockholm Environment Institute (2024). Global shift in green steel projects as major investments move beyond Europe into Asia. Press release 24th April 2024. https://www.sei.org/about-sei/press-room/green-steel-projects-move-beyond-europe-to-asia/ 
Sutton T. and Williams, M. (2022). Trade Beyond Neoliberalism: Concluding a Global Arrangement on Sustainable Steel and Aluminum. Center for American Progress.  
Swedish Forest Agency (2023). Att genomföra åtgärder för att återväta utdikade våtmarker. Delrapport. Rapport 2023-02. Retrieved from:  https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/globalassets/om-oss/rapporter/rapporter-2023/2023-02-delrapport--att-genomfora-atgarder-for-att-atervata-utdikade-vatmarker.pdf
Sweden Environmental Protection Agency (2023). Underlag för återvätning av våtmarker Redovisning av ett regeringsuppdrag (regleringsbrev 2023). NV-11039-22. Retrieved from: https://www.naturvardsverket.se/4ad504/contentassets/fba10784fc234427b6086f50e7a5756b/slutredovisning-ru-atervatning-vatmarker-a.pdf
Swedish Forest Agency (2021). Klimatpåverkan från dikad torvtäckt skogsmark – effekter av dikesunderhåll och återvätning. Kunskapssammanställning och analys. Retrieved from: https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/globalassets/om-oss/rapporter/rapporter-20222021202020192018/rapport-2021-7-klimatpaverkan-fran-dikad-torvtackt-skogsmark--effekter-av-dikesunderhall-och-atervatning.pdf
Syke (2019). Municipalities working towards carbon neutrality. Retrieved from https://www.syke.fi/en-US/Current/Municipalities_working_towards_carbon_ne(61792) 
Technical University of Denmark (n.d). Wind energy and energy islands. https://www.dtu.dk/english/research/areas/energy-technology/wind-energy-and-energy-islands
United Nations Climate Change Conference (2023). COP 28: What Was Achieved and What Happens Next? https://unfccc.int/cop28/5-key-takeaways
University of Copenhagen (2023). Researchers will increase citizen engagement in the transition towards green energy. https://socialsciences.ku.dk/news/2023/researchers-will-increase-citizen-engagement-in-the-transition-towards-green-energy/
Urban, P., Nipius, L., Egenhofer, C. (2024). A policy framework for boosting the demand for green steel in the automotive industry. CEPS, Brussels. 
World Bank (2024). Blueprints for Private Investment in Ecosystem Restoration: Lessons from Case Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099031424202517999/pdf/P1777061820a410fa1a50e1580bed5ade8a.pdf
Økonomiministeriet (2024). Regeringen og parterne i Grøn trepart indgår historisk Aftale om et grønt Danmark. https://oem.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/juni/regeringen-og-parterne-i-groen-trepart-indgaar-historisk-aftale-om-et-groent-danmark/