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Appendix

Table A1 Implemented compensation measures for households in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland.
Measure type
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Subsidy/​Grant/​Cheque
Temporary increase in child and youth benefit:
A one-off increase in the child and youth allowance in 2023 by DKK 660 per child. A total of DKK 600 million is set aside for the initiative. The full amount was paid in January 2023.
Support for students:
Stream grant of NOK 1500 for students in addition to ordinary electricity subsidy
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Temporary relaxation of the maximum employment deduction: The maximum employment deduction is increased in 2022 and 2023.
Gas-price support:
Gas-price support for households connected to the West-Swedish gas network. A compensation of 79 öre/kWh in the period between October 2021–September 2022 is paid out.
Support for energy efficiency:
The government has increased the allocation to Enova by NOK 750 million to benefit both business and private individuals.
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Increased earning thresholds for receivers of student grants:
An advancement of the increase of the earning thresholds for receivers of student grants by DKK 4,000 per month.
Electricity support:
80% of the average electricity cost that was above the reference price of 75 öre/kWh is compensated. The support in the first round was limited to 18.000 kWh and unlimited in the second round. The support is equal within each of the four electricity areas. With this reference price, the first electricity support affected areas 3 & 4, while the second electricity support supported all four areas.
Electricity support: When the average market price exceeds 70 øre per kilowatt hour (kWh), the state will pay 90 per cent of the power price above this level from September 2022 to March 2023, as well as a benefit rate of 80 per cent from and with April up to and including September 2023 and a benefit rate of 90 per cent from and including October up to and including December 2023.
Retroactive reimbursement:
Consumers whose electricity contract exceeds 10 cents/kWh as well as end consumers that have an electricity contract based on spot prices are compensated. The reimbursement is paid over four winter months for 50 per cent of the part of consumers’ electricity bills that exceeds the threshold of EUR 90/month. The maximum reimbursement is EUR 700 per month.
Tax reduction
Electricity tax reduction: In the first half of 2023, the general electricity tax of 69.7 øre per KWh was temporarily reduced to the EU's minimum rate of 0.8 øre per kWh.
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Electricity tax reduction:
For 2022, the general rate electricity tax was reduced by 8 øre per kWh for the months January to March and by 1.5 øre per kWh for the months April to December, compared with price-adjusted 2021 rates. This was a real fee reduction of 47 per cent for the winter months and 9 per cent for the rest of the year respectively. The rates have stayed unchanged in 2023.
Lowering VAT:
Lowering of the value-added electricity tax from 24% to 10%
Support for dis­advantaged/​low-income households
Targeted heat check:
The check is given to households with heating sources which is particularly exposed to price hikes. Only households with a yearly income of maximum DKK 598.000 are qualified for the heat check, to target households with a need.
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Increased housing benefit:
Increased income limit to be eligible for receiving the benefit until June 2023. Also, an additional 1.500 NOK is paid out January–April 2023.
Fixed term tax credit:
If you do not qualify for the tax credit from the Tax Administration, you can apply for assistance with electricity costs from Kela. The amount of the assistance is 60% of the amount of the electricity bill, excluding the cost of electricity transmission and the own liability of EUR 400. The maximum support is 660 € per month.
Funds for vulnerable citizens:
The municipalities are given the possibility to increase the financial assistance for example to pensioners and services to cash assistance receivers, to compensate these citizens.
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Support for energy efficiency:
The government has allocated NOK 260 million in grants for energy measures through the Housing Bank in 2023. The grant will go to measures that reduce energy needs in municipally owned rental housing, care homes and nursing homes. The investment will, among other things, benefit disadvantaged people on the housing market.
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Temporary increase in financial support for elderly:
Recipients of the elderly check receive a tax-free lump sum of DKK 2,500 in both 2022 and 2023.
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-
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Lump sum to certain transfer recipients:
A tax-free lump sum of DKK 2,000 to several transfer recipients who have withdrawn from the labour market.
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-
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Lump sum for receivers of student grants with disabilities or single parents:
A tax-free lump sum of DKK 2,000 in 2022 to SU recipients who receive student disability allowance or student allowance as a single parent.
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-
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Deferral schemes
Freezing scheme for households:
Households are offered a temporary and voluntary freezing scheme for electricity costs, gas, and district heating above a ceiling. The households repay the frozen amount to the energy company over a period of 4 years, when a freezing period of 12 months has expired.
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Extending the payment period for electricity bills:
Customers are granted an extended payment period of up to 120 days from the original payment date of the bill.
Other
 
Relaxed reduction mandates for fuels:
The long-term emission reduction target from fuel gasoline and diesel use is 28% and 66% respectively by 2030. The compensation measure was to relax these targets, and instead keep them unchanged for gasoline and diesel through 2023. Additionally, there is a political agreement to lower the reduction mandates for gasoline and diesel to 6% from January 1, 2024, through 2026. For aviation kerosene, the reduction level is set at 2.6% for the year 2023
 
 
Table A3 Implemented compensation measures for businesses in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland.
Measure type
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Subsidy/​Grant/​Cheque
Increase in subsidies for decoupling the gas network:
An additional DKK 139 million is set aside with the agreement. DKK for subsidies for decoupling the gas network in 2023. The decoupling scheme allows private residences to cover the fee that Evida (Danish Gas Distribution Operator) charges for removing the gas meter and disconnecting a household that is heated with a gas boiler from the gas system, if the customer wishes to replace their gas boiler with an alternative heat source.
Electricity support for electricity-intensive companies:
Electricity-intensive companies receive support for the part of the electricity costs during the period October–December 2022 that exceeds one and a half times the company's average price in 2021. The electricity cost support is aimed at companies throughout Sweden that had an electricity consumption of at least 0.015 kWh per turnover SEK in 2021 (excluding heating). In addition, the company's estimated support must amount to at least SEK 50,000.
Grant-support for businesses:
Businesses with at least 3 percent electricity intensity can apply for grants to pay the electricity bill and to invest in energy measures.
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Electricity support for companies:
Companies with an outlet point in electricity area 3/4 can receive 50/79 öre up to a maximum of 20 MSEK. The size of the support depends on the consumption in the period 1. October 2021–30. September 2022.
Electricity support-scheme:
Agricultural enterprises, greenhouses and irrigation teams receive a compensation of 80% of the electricity price above 70 øre per kWh up to 60.000 kWh per month. The support will last until 2024.
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Tax reduction
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Temporary tax reduction on agricultural diesel:
0% until the end of 2023
Electricity tax reduction:
For 2022, the general rate electricity tax was reduced by 8 øre per kWh for the months January to March and by 1.5 øre per kWh for the months April to December, compared with price-adjusted 2021 rates. This was a real fee reduction of 47 per cent for the winter months and 9 per cent for the rest of the year respectively. The rates have stayed unchanged in 2023.
Lowering the value-added tax on electricity to 10 per cent:
The value-added tax on electricity has been lowered from 24 to 10 per cent between 1 December 2022 and 30 April 2023.
Deferral schemes
Freezing scheme for companies:
Companies and associations are offered a temporary and voluntary freezing scheme for energy companies. The scheme offers the possibility to freeze energy bills over an established ceiling, for a period of 12 months, followed by a payback period of four years. In contrast with the schemes for households, the companies themselves pay the financing costs of the scheme through an interest rate on the loan.
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Loan guarantee:
The guarantee applies to loans granted by the end of March 2023, with a duration of up to 6 years. The upper limit for the loan amount is NOK 50 million per company/group.
Extending the payment period for electricity bills:
Businesses may be granted an extended payment period of up to 60 days. The electricity company may charge an annual interest rate of 1.53 per cent from a business for the extended payment period.
Other
 
Relaxed reduction mandates for fuels:
The long-term emission reduction target from fuel gasoline and diesel use is 28% and 66% respectively by 2030. The compensation measure was to relax these targets, and instead keep them unchanged for gasoline and diesel through 2023. Additionally, there is a political agreement to lower the reduction mandates for gasoline and diesel to 6% from January 1, 2024, through 2026. For aviation kerosene, the reduction level is set at 2.6% for the year 2023