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TemaNord 2023:550
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in oily wastewater from shipping with a focus on scrubber water
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in oily wastewater from shipping with a focus on scrubber water
About this publication
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1. Introduction
2. Aim of the report
3. Background
3.1 Input of petroleum oil to the marine environment
3.2 Ship fuel and the IMO sulphur regulation
3.3 Scrubber water and the marine environment
3.4 Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) – one of the most toxic fractions of scrubber water
Classes of PAC
Fate of PACs in the marine environment
4. Results from chemical analysis of PACs in scrubber water
4.1 PACs detected in the scrubber water
4.2 PAC fingerprint
5. Development of PAH threshold values
6. PAC fate and general toxicity
7. Toxicity of PACs in scrubber water on pelagic organisms
7.1 Toxicity of parent and alkylated PAHs
7.2 Toxicity of oxy-PAH
7.3 Toxicity of heterocyclic PAC; S-PAC
7.4 Toxicity of heterocyclic PAC; N-PAC
7.5 Toxicity of heterocyclic PAC; O-PAC
8. Ecological implications of discharged scrubber water on the Baltic Sea ecosystem
9. Recommendations for the future
10. Acknowledgments
11. References