Appendix 1. Lists of CDW treatment facilities

Below are listed some of the main facilities for recycling of CDW in the Nordic countries. The lists have been compiled by looking into environmental permits and contacting authorities and sector experts, and listing the biggest facilities found, that handles CDW. The lists are not complete but give a picture of what kind of techniques are used in the different Nordic countries.

Denmark

Owner	Location	C&D waste treatment capacity [t/a]	Facility description
C&D waste recycling plants
RGS Nordic	Multiple	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
Marius Pedersen	Multiple	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
Norrecco	Multiple	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
Gypsum waste recycling plants
Saint Gobain / Gyproc Danmark	4400 Kalundborg	n/a	Plasterboard production, which utilises waste gypsum in the production.
Knauf A/S	9500 Hobro	n/a	Plasterboard production, which utilises waste gypsum in the production.
Wood waste recycling plants
Kronospan	8550 Ryomgård	380.000 t/a (wood waste max. Received amount annually)	Chipboard production from various raw materials, including wood waste.
Glass waste recycling plants
Reiling Glasrecycling Danmark ApS	4700 Næstved	n/a	Sorting and crushing of glass waste from various raw materials (including glass waste from construction).
Ardagh Glass Holmegaard A/S	4684 Holmegaard	n/a	Glass packaging production from various raw materials (including glass waste from construction).
Isover	Vamdrup	n/a	Glass recycling into glass insulation wool

Plastic waste recycling plants (only sorting and shredding)
WUPPI (by Marius Pedersen)	Multiple	n/a	Hard PVC plastic waste is sorted, pressed into bales, and exported for pre-treatment and granulation.
ReSource	6705 Esbjerg	160 000 t/a (planned max. received plastic waste amount)	Waste plastic recycling facility that separates unsorted plastic waste (including plastic waste from construction) into mono fractions suitable mechanical and chemical recycling (planned commissioning end 2023)
Metal waste recycling plants (only sorting and shredding)
Stena Recycling	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
HJHansen Recycling	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
Marius Pedersen	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)

Finland

The study strived to list the major facilities in the field of recycling and reuse in Finland. As a method, publicly available environmental permits were studied, and sector experts contacted. The list is not complete but gives nevertheless a picture of typical treatment facilities available. Many sorting actors and facilities for sorting, crushing and storing CDW are left out the list, and reuse facilities excluded due to lack of information.

Owner	Location	C&D waste treatment capacity [t/a]	Facility description
Mixed C&D waste recycling plants
Syklo	Oulu	50 000	Mechanical separation facility for C&D and other mixed waste treatment. Technologies includes magnetic and non-magnetic metal separation, sieving, ballistic separation, optical and NIR plastic separation.
Remeo	Vantaa	120 000	Pre-treatment of mixed C&D waste with material handling machine (wood waste and metal initial separation). The residual material is treated with separation lines. Separation lines includes sieving, crushing, hand separation and robotic separation of different waste fractions. Facility has also additional 60 000t/a capacity to treat energy waste fractions from commerce and industrial sectors.
L&T	Kerava	190 000	Pre-treatment (separation of large objects) with machinery before feeding to separation line. Separation includes crushing, sieving, material separation (metals, wood, mineral, and REF production) and baling of separated materials if needed.
Kuusakoski	Lahti	250 000	Mixed C&D waste is pre-treated/separated with machine (wood, minerals, combustible fraction, metals). After that residual material is fed to the separation line, including crushing, magnetic separation, sieving, air separation, floating separation (water immersion), hand separation and vortex metal separation.
Tehokierto	Hämeenlinna	55 000	Mixed C&D waste is pre-treated with machine before feeding to separation line. In separation line wood, metal, mineral and energy fraction for REF production are separated from the stream. Unit operations include crushing, sieving, magnetic separation and air separation.
Revisol	Nokia	30 000	Mixed C&D waste is pre-treated/separated with machine before feeding to separation line. Separation line includes sieving and magnetic separation. Different separated waste fractions can be crushed afterwards.

Gypsum waste recycling plants
Saint Gobain Finland Oy/Gyproc	Kirkkonummi	around 15000 t/a gypsum waste is received annually	Plasterboard production, which utilises waste gypsum in the production.
Knauf	Kankaanpää	n/a	Plasterboard production, which utilises waste gypsum in the production.
Wood waste recycling plants
GRK	Utajärvi	20000 t/a (wood waste max. Received amount annually)	Biochar production from various raw materials, including wood waste. Facility should start production in 2023
Glass waste recycling plants
Uusioaines	Forssa	45000t (sheet glass max. Received amount annually)	Foam glass production from various raw materials (including glass waste from construction)
Plastic waste (from C&D) recycling plants
Lassila & Tikanoja (Muoviportti)	Merikarvia	20000t (max annually received plastic waste amount)	Waste plastic recycling facility, mainly plastic waste from packaging industry. Recycling of dirty plastic waste from construction is also planned (investment?), but the current status is not clear.
Keskinen recycling	Kuortane	n/a	Mechanical recycling and pelletising of construction plastics such as plastic pipes, containers, foils etc. Recycled plastic grades are as follows: PP, LDPE, LLDPE and HDPE.
Metal recycling plants
Ovako	Imatra	n/a	Steel production with electric fusion furnace, utilises recycled steel
Boliden	Harjavalta	n/a	Copper works, utilises recycled copper
Outokumpu	Tornio	160 000 t/a (capacity to crush waste steel)	Stainless steel production with electric-arc furnace, utilises recycled steel
SSAB	Raahe	around 500 000t recycled steel	Blast furnace, utilises recycled steel
Kuusakoski	Heinola	250000t/a (capacity of crushing facility)	Copper and aluminium recycling/separation facility.

Iceland

Owner	Location	C&D waste treatment capacity [t/a]	Facility description
C&D waste recycling plants
Sorpa ehf. Sorpa. https://www.sorpa.is/	Multiple	n/a	Pre-treatment, sorting, mechanical processing (e.g., shredding, and crushing), intermediate storage, landfill and other recycling or disposal of C&D waste.
Efnismiðlun Sorpu Efnismiðlun Sorpu. https://www.sorpa.is/um-sorpu/starfsstodvar/efnismilun-goa-hirisins/	221 Hafnarfjörður, 110 Reykjavík	n/a	A market for used construction materials and other products that can be used for construction and artistic creation. The market offers materials such as timber, timber parts, doors, windows, interiors, slabs, tiles, logs, sinks, flooring to name a few.
Wood waste recycling plants
Fura Fura – Furuflís. https://fura.is/furuflis	221 Hafnafjörður	5 000	Production of wooden chips from untreated wood waste which is sold as an underlay for livestock.
Plastic waste recycling plants (only sorting and pressing)
Sorpa	Multiple	n/a	Waste plastic recycling facility that separates unsorted plastic waste (including plastic waste from constructions and Styrofoam (EPS)). The plastic is pressed and shipped to Sweden to further recycling or energy production.
Metal waste recycling plants (only sorting and shredding)
Hringrás ehf	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction). The material is prepared and shipped abroad for material recycling.
Fura Fura – Endurnýting. https://fura.is/umhverfisvernd	Hafnafjörður	n/a	Sorting of metal waste (including metal waste from construction). The material is prepared and shipped abroad to Europe for material recycling.

Norway

The study strived to list the major facilities in the field of recycling and reuse in Norway. As a method, publicly available environmental permits were studied. The list is not complete but gives nevertheless a picture of typical treatment facilities available.

Owner	Location	C&D waste treatment capacity [t/a]	Facility description
C&D waste recycling plants
Norsk Gjenvinning AS	Multiple	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
Franzefoss AS	Multiple	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
Ragn Sells AS	Multiple	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
Gypsum/plaster waste recycling plants
Ragns Sells AS and Saint-Gobain Byggevarer AS	Gipsgjenvinning AS, 1630 Gamle Fredrikstad	n/a	Facility for reception and handling of plaster Board/gypsum waste. Plasterboard production, which utilises waste plaster/gypsum in the production.
Norsk Gjenvinning AS and New West Gypsum recycling	New West Gipsgjenvinning AS, Holmestrand	40.000 tons/year (dimensioned)	Facility for Facility for reception and handling of plaster Board/gypsum waste. Delivers recycled gypsum (powder) to plasterboard production from Norgips (Knauf) and Gyproc (Saint- Gobain), which utilises waste gypsum in the production. New West Gypsum recycling is also located in Canada, UK, France, Belgium and Germany.
Wood waste recycling plants
Omtre AS	3515 Hønefoss	n/a	Reception of wood, sorts and reuse of wood to new use in buildings.
Forestia AS	Våler	100.000 tons/year (dimensioned)	Sorting, handling and treatment of wood waste for use in production of wood fiber plates.
Retura IR	Skogn	25.000 tons/year (dimensioned)	Sorting, handling and treatment of wood waste for use in production of chipboards
Glass waste recycling plants
Norsk Gjenvinning	Multiple sites for reception, sorting and crushing in Fredrikstad	1 000 000 PCB-windows since 2002	Sorting and crushing of glass waste from insulting glass with or without PCB. The glass waste that is free of PCB is transported to factory in Fredrikstad and is used in production of new insulation of glass wool from Glava. PCB is transported to Europa for safe destruction by combustion.
Plastic waste recycling plants (only sorting and shredding)
Ragn Sells	Multiple	n/a	Plastic waste is sorted out, pressed into bales, and exported for recycling. Mainly plastic packaging.
Norsk Gjenvinning AS	Multiple	n/a	Plastic waste is sorted out, pressed into bales, and exported for recycling. Mainly plastic packaging.
Franzefoss	Multiple	n/a	Plastic waste is sorted out, pressed into bales, and exported for recycling. Mainly plastic packaging.
Stena Recycling	Multiple	n/a	Plastic waste is sorted out, pressed into bales, and exported for recycling. Mainly plastic packaging.
Metal waste recycling plants
Norsk Hydro ASA	Multiple in Norway and worldwide	n/a	Melting aluminium to use in new production
Celsa Nordic	Mo I Rana	800 000 tons/year	Recycling of sorted metal waste to new products
Ragn Sells	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
Norsk Gjenvinning AS	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
Franzefoss	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
Stena Recycling	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
Metallco AS	Multiple	n/a	Sorting and shredding of metal waste (including metal waste from construction)
Waste incineration plants
Hafslund Oslo Celsio	Oslo, Haraldrud	>100 000 t/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.
Hafslund Oslo Celsio	Oslo, Klemetsrud	>100 000 tons/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.
Forus Energigjenvinning	Stavanger	>100 000 tons/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.
BIR Ressurs AS	Bergen	220 000 tons/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.
Statkraft Varme AS	Trondheim, Heimdal	>100 000 tons/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.
Returkraft AS	Kristiansand	>100 000 tons/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.
Tafjord kraftvarme	Ålesund	>100 000 tons/year	Incineration of waste for production of energy (heating), waste is mainly domestic waste but also some amounts of construction and demolition waste.

Sweden

The study strived to list the major facilities in the field of recycling and reuse in Sweden. As a method, the national organisation for the recycling sector Återvinningsindustrierna was contacted. Also, the County Administrative Boards (Länsstyrelsen) were contacted, and environmental permits studied. Companies and experts were also contacted. It proved to be a difficult method, and the list is not a complete list of all facilities. Reuse facilities are not generally listed, but some actors were mentioned in the research by contact persons.

Owner	Location	C&D waste treatment capacity [t/a]	Facility description
Gypsum waste recycling plants
Gyro Gipsåtervinning	Bålsta, Asarum	50 000[1]	Mechanical sorting, processing, and mixing with raw materials into new products
PR Slamsugning	Falköping	50 000	Receives and treats plasterboard waste by recycling the gypsum for use in the gypsum board industry and as a sulfur supplement in agriculture
Wood waste recycling plants
Octowood AB	Bräcke	60 000	The permit covers the treatment, storage, and incineration of forestry waste, waste from wood processing and the manufacture of boards and furniture, waste from wood protection treatment, and construction and demolition waste, including wood containing hazardous substances such as creosote.
Glass waste recycling plants
Svensk Glasåtervinning AB	Hammar	280 000	Glass recycling facility, sorted, crushed and recycled. Disposal to landfill of recycling rejects.
Planglas Recycling i Sverige AB	Östansjö	25 000	Recycling of flat glass
Scandinavian Glass Recycling	Kristianstad	1000	Recycling facility, where flat glass is roughly sorted, crushed, and then sent to ISOVER, which uses the material in the production of glass wool.
Swede Glass United	Otterbäcken	10 000	collects all the qualities of flat glass; laminated and tempered glass from vehicles and building structures; mirror glass; colored flat glass (green, smoked, bronze, pink, blue) and reinforced glass
Plastic waste (from C&D) recycling plant
Stena Nordic Recycling Center	Halmstad	n/a	Recycling, collection, and sorting of transparent LDPE plastic waste. Industry waste is sorted manually before being granulated, washed, dried, melt-filtered, and pelletized.
Novoplast	Örebro län	n/a	At two facilities in Örebro County, soft LDPE materials such as sacks, bags and wooden sacks are recycled. The fraction undergoes mechanical recycling with shredders, dry washing, extrusion and pelleting
Van Werven	Borås	na	Recycles hard plastic packaging, including buckets, cans and barrels
Tarkett	Ronneby	n/a	Teared homogeneous plastic floors and installation spillage from plastic floor and wall is granulated, washed, and used as raw material in new floors.
Remondis	Staffanstorp och Röstånga		Washing, crushing, melting and granulation of different plastic waste streams.
Metal recycling plants
Stena Aluminum	Älmhult	90 000	They manufacture secondary aluminium from aluminium scrap and are alone in the Nordics in supplying liquid aluminium
Mineral CDW waste recycling*
Swerock	Multiple locations.	n/a	Crushing, mechanical sorting of mineral waste
NLF Nora-Lindefrakt AB	Lindesberg	10 000	Excavation site, with permission to mechanically sort and recycle mineral CDW waste max. 10 000 tonnes annually
Sibelco Nordic AB	Lindesberg	10 000	Excavation site, with permission to mechanically sort and recycle mineral CDW waste max. 10 000 tonnes annually
ABT Bolagen	Stockholm, multiple locations		Receiving, crushing of mineral CDW and delivering as backfilling material
EW group	Multiple locations		Receiving, crushing of mineral CDW and delivering to recycling or backfilling material. Separation of rebars for recycling.
Hummeltorp	Multiple locations		Receiving, crushing of mineral CDW and delivering to recycling or backfilling material
Brukspecialisten	Multiple locations		Recycling and reusing bricks
Paroc	Multiple locations		Recycling mineral wool
Skanska	Multiple locations		Recycling asphalt
Reuse facilities**
Malmö Återbyggdepå	Malmö		Receiving and selling used or surplus construction material
Dala Återbyggdepå	Borlänge		Receiving and selling used or surplus construction material
Brattöns Återbruk	Göteborg		Receiving and selling used or surplus construction material
Mixed C&D waste recycling plants*
Ragn-Sells	Multiple locations.	n/a	Facilities for sorting, separating, shredding, and crushing C&D and other waste
PreZero	Multiple locations, incl. Örebro	95 000 (Örebro)	Pre-treatment, sorting, mechanical processing (e.g shredding, and crushing), intermediate storage, landfill and other recycling or disposal of C&D waste.
Wiklunds/Eds Återvinning	Upplands-Väsby	110 000	Pre-treatment, sorting, mechanical processing (e.g shredding, and crushing), intermediate storage, landfill and other recycling or disposal of C&D waste.
Stena Nordic Recycling Center	Halmstad	350 000t metal	Non-ferrous metal processing, Shredder light fraction (SLF), first treatment of electronic products, circular electronics, recycling of precious metals and plastic recycling

*There are several actors mechanically sorting, crushing and storing CDW. The actions are usually combined with other services.

**There are several actors with reuse services and marketplaces for reused building products are on the rise. The treatment facilities are usually small and not listed in e.g., permit databases.