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13. Appendix B

Key Initiatives & Forums 
Biodiversity/Nature Specific Focus 
Initiative
Description
Purpose
Members/Partners
The Align Project
The Align project aims to align existing approaches to create consensus on a standardised approach for how businesses and financial institutions can measure and report on their impacts and dependencies on nature. This will be done by supporting the relevant stakeholders in developing a proposal for standardised, biodiversity-inclusive, natural capital management accounting practices for both businesses and financial institutions to uptake. The Align project is a three-year-long project initiated in 2021.
To align and create a consensus of best practices to account for natural capital and for measuring biodiversity impacts and dependencies
Founded by the European Commission, WCMC Europe, The capitals coalition, Arcadis, ICF and UNEP-WCMC
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Network (BES-Net)
BESNet (n.d.)
 BES-Net is a global network consisting of UNDP, UNEP-WCMC and UNESCO and more than 100 other organisations working on translating IPBES’s information into on-the-ground biodiversity action. BES-Net is funded by the Government of Germany and SwedBio.
The network also includes the BES Solution Fund, which channels money into ‘on-the-ground biodiversity solutions’
The aim is to bring actors together and to assist in implementing solutions that support on-the-ground biodiversity actions at local and national scales and in line with IPBES recommendations.
Consortium Partners: UNDP, UNEP-WCMC and UNESCO
Coalition for Private Investment in Conservation (CPIC)
CPIC (n.d.A)
CPIC is a group of Civil Society Organisations, academia, private and public sector financial institutions working together increase investments in conservation. Their statement of intent says: “In order to sustain humanity’s future on earth, substantial investment in natural capital is urgently needed. Given the benefits that nature provides to people, this investment should be framed as an investment in humanity, as part of the economic future laid out in the Sustainable Development Goals.’
CPIC (n.d.B)
The coalition builds on the expertise of their partners and aims to connect financial institutions with in-country partners who can help develop and execute investable deals that can produce both environmental and financial return. Investment in the following sectors is prioritized:
  • Coastal resilience
  • Forest Landscape Conservation and Restoration
  • Green Infrastructure for Watershed Management
  • Sustainable Agriculture Intensification
  • Sustainable Coastal Fisheries
The coalition work together to deliver an increase in private, return-seeking investment in conservation. Conservation finance represents an undeveloped private sector investment.
Founding partners: Cornell University, Credit Suisse, IUCN, natureVest. Other members include GIIN, Fauna & Flora International, European Investment Bank and WWF
Cross-sector Biodiversity Initiative (CSBI)
CSBI (n.d.) 
CSBI is a collaborative knowledge platform for practitioners working across the sectors of finance, oil and gas and mining. The tools and guides that have been developed for the sector include:
  • A cross-sector guide for implementing the mitigation hierarchy
  • Good practices for the collection of biodiversity baseline date
Timeline Tool – a roadmap to identify milestones and interdependencies between project development schedules, timelines and actions required to effectively apply the Mitigation Hierarchy
CSBI (n.d.) 
The scope is to develop and share good practices related to biodiversity and ecosystem services in extractive industries
The initiative is a partnership between IPIECA, the international Council on Mining and Metals and the Equator Principles Association.
EU Finance@Biodiversity community
The participants in the forums will share their work and strategies concerning biodiversity and ecosystems. The ambition is to better integrate biodiversity into financial institutions’ investment decision by:
  • Knowledge and best practice sharing
  • Establish three working groups: biodiversity accounting, positive biodiversity impact, and Impact & responsibility.
Contribute and take part in other developments and initiatives on green finance
Ensure that financial institutions better integrate biodiversity into their investment strategies 
Members: ABN AMRO, Achmea Investment Management, Actiam, Affirmative IM, ASN Bank, AXA Investment Managers, Bank of Ireland, Bankinter, CDC Biodiversité, Conservation Capital, EIB, Finance in Motion, FMO, GLS Bank, ING, INOCAP, Mirova, Piraeus Bank, Rabobank and SCOR. CDSB, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Natural Capital Coalition, Natural Capital Finance Alliance, UNEP FI, VBDO
Finance for biodiversity Foundation
Finance for Biodiversity Foundation (n.d.)
The Finance for Biodiversity Foundation is a non-profit organisation calling to reverse nature loss. One hundred twenty-six financial institutions, representing EURO 18.8 trillion in assets, call on global leaders during the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to agree on effective measures to reverse nature loss in this decade to ensure ecosystem resilience. Timeline Plan until 2024:
  1. Collaboration and knowledge sharing
  2. Engaging with companies
  3. Assessing impact
  4. Setting targets
  5. Reporting publicly on the above before 2025
The signatories own the Pledge, and any financial institution can sign up.  Furthermore, the Finance for biodiversity community provides a forum for discussing and knowledge sharing of best practices for how to integrate biodiversity into finance activities.
The commitment of financial institutions to call on global leaders and positively contribute to biodiversity through finance activities.
Members: ASN Bank, AXA, LGT Private Banking, Nordea Asset Management, and others,
Natural Capital Finance Alliance (NCFA)
In 2012 at the Rio+20 conference the alliance was formed to support the signatories of the Natural Capital Declaration. The 2012 declaration states the need for: “(..) the private and public sectors to work together to create the conditions necessary to maintain and enhance natural capital as a critical economic, ecological and social asset.” The alliance is led by a steering committee consisting of financial institutions and environmental experts.
The purpose of the alliance is to provide and develop tools and methodologies that can help the financial sector and other partners collaborate and
Integrate natural capital considerations into financial sector reporting.
The Initiative is led by UNEP FI, Global Canopy
NatureFinance
NatureFinance (n.d.)
NatureFinance was first established in 2019 as Finance4Biodiversity but changed to NatureFinance in 2022. NatureFinance’s work evolve around:
  1. Effective policy advocacy: increasing market opportunities and the success of nature positive enterprises and investments.
  2. Market engagement: creating an ecosystem of investable, nature-related ventures with the potential to shape nature positive markets.
Innovation and incubation activities: accelerating nature positive outcomes at scale
NatureFinance (n.d.)
.
The mission of NatureFinance is to increase the materiality of biodiversity in finance decision-making and align global finance with nature positive and equitable outcomes
Partners include Green digital Finance alliance, trase, SBTN, Global Canopy, TNFD and MAVA
Partnership for Biodiversity-Accounting Financials (PBAF)
PBAF is an industry-led partnership that provides guidance to financial institutions that want to analyse their biodiversity impacts (both negative and positive impacts) and dependencies. PBAF cooperates and aligns with the TNFD, the SBTN, the CC, and the Align project.
The primary aim is to develop a standard that enables financial institutions to assess and disclose impact and dependencies on biodiversity of loans and investments.
International partnership of banks, asset managers and investors.
Sustainability Focus 
Initiative
Description
Purpose
Members/Partners
A global collaboration of leading organisations in research, science, academia, reporting, investment, and business. The coalition develops, advocates for, and advances the capital's approach and has developed two standardised frameworks for identifying, measuring, and valuing dependencies on natural capital, including biodiversity guidance. The ambition of the Capitals Coalition is: “Our ambition is that by 2030 the majority of businesses, financial institutions and governments will include the value of natural capital, social capital and human capital in their decision-making and that this will deliver a fairer, just and more sustainable world.
To work with organisations and individuals spanning global systems, to understand the value that flows from different capitals, to ensure that it is included in decision-making and that the value of nature, people and society sits alongside financial value in decision-makers minds.
Including UNEP, WWF, The World Bank, World Resources Institute, the Nature Conservancy, wbcsd, FAO, CDSB, CBD, EC, EIB, Global Canopy, IUCN, IFC, and numerous multinational companies
Financial Centres for sustainability (FC4S)
FC4S (n.d.)
Financial Centres for sustainability is a network of international financial centres that work together to achieve the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. The FC4S was launched in 2017 with 11 financial centres adopting The Casablanca Statement on Financial Centres for Sustainability. The network is supported by a secretariat that provides support, best practices guidance, project development and research to support their members. Many of the members are public-private partnerships or municipally linked entities.
‘The objective of FC4S is to accelerate the expansion of sustainable finance by enabling financial centres to evaluate the state of sustainable finance and to provide the tools and insights to engage local institutions, inform and influence policy, and ultimately accelerate market transformation’
FC4S (n.d.)
.
There are currently 39 members including Stockholm Green digital Finance
Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)
GIIN (n.d.)
The network focuses on impact investments. The purpose of Impact investments is to generate positive measurable social and environmental impacts alongside a financial return.  GIIN also have a research centre that collects information about current market trends and activities. In 2020 GIIN launched the new capitalism project to investigate how different stakeholders can work together to build a more just, equitable and inclusive economic system.
The Global Impact Investing Network is a membership-based network for investors and organisations that want to engage with impact investments.
 
International Platform on Sustainable Finance (IPSF)
Founded in 2019 to honour the Paris Agreement, the IPSF is a forum for public authorities such as ministries of finance and central banks that develop environmentally sustainable finance initiatives and policies. Their objective is to mobilize private capital towards environmentally sustainable finance at an international level. The platform facilitates knowledge sharing and coordinates efforts on the agenda of environmental sustainability.
The purpose of the forum is to enhance international coordination, spread information and provide knowledge exchange on best practices in sustainable finance, and identify barriers for implementing best practices.
Founding partners: European Union, Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, India, Kenya, and Morocco.
The Science based targets network (SBTN)
The SBTN is a collaboration of global non-profits, and part of the Global Commons Alliance. The collaboration develops a framework and a method for companies to assess their impact and dependencies on nature. SBTN builds on the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) that focuses on the Climate crisis, the science-based targets for nature and climate can be developed together. 
They develop methods, resources, and frameworks for companies to assess and their impacts and dependencies on nature, so they can set targets that address this, and identify nature positive opportunities.
Partners: CDP, UN Global Compact, World resources institute, WWF
UNEP Finance Initiative
UNEP Finance Initiative was founded in 1992. UNEP FI is an extensive network of banks, insurers, and investors. Constituting 450+ members, representing USD 100 trillion. UNEP FI has created or cocreated the following frameworks:
  • Principles for Responsible Banking (PRB)
  • Principles for Sustainable Insurance (PSI)
  • Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
UNEP FI helps financial institutions to develop practical approaches to setting and implementing targets in areas including GHG emissions, financing nature, sustainable consumption and production, and financial inclusion to address inequality.
Partners: Climate Action, Global Canopy, and principles for responsible investment.
Frameworks & Standards 
Title
Developer
Description
Sector
Scope
Decision-making in a nature positive world. A Corporate diagnostic tool
University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainable Leadership (CISL)
The sustainable investment framework is an open access tool, and it was launched to help businesses identify obstacles to implementing nature-based solutions. The tool has four different focus areas, they are based on the key challenges companies report on:
  • Dealing with the unknowns
  • Making the financial case
  • Navigating external and reputational pressures
  • Engaging and influencing colleagues
Each section provides descriptions of common challenges, their indicators, and causes, and how these might be perceived followed by actions to contend with these challenges
Business sector
Implementation of Nature based solutions
Handbook for nature-related financial risks
CISL (2021)
University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainable Leadership (CISL)
The handbook gives and introduction to key concepts in the biodiversity finance nexus and illustrates how nature loss constitute a financial risk and provide a framework that can be used to identify nature-related financial risks. The framework identifies three types of risks arising from nature loss: physical risk, transition risk and liability risk and how these manifests themselves and how they via their impacts on companies turn into financial risks for financial institutions.
Financial sector
Impacts and dependency on nature
Kunming-Montreal Global biodiversity framework
CBD (2022)
UN COP15 biodiversity summit
The framework was adopted by 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022 at COP 15 in Montreal CanadaThe framework has four long-term goals for 2050 and presents 23 targets for urgent action in the current decade, to ensure that by 2030 we have reached several targets such as the protection of 30 % of nature, and that we are on the right trajectory for achieving the 2050 goals. Some of the targets suggest measures directly aimed at the financial sector and outline several actions needing to be taken by the financial sector.
Cross-sectional
Impacts and dependency on nature.
 
The Natural Capital Protocol
Natural Capital Coalition (2016)
The Capitals Coalition
A standardised framework to identify, measure, and value direct and indirect impacts (positive and negative) and/or dependencies on natural capital.  It is intended to support better decision making for companies internally by including how we interact with nature in decision making. It is not a formal reporting framework and is not intended for external disclosure. 
Mainly business sector
Impacts and dependency on nature.
 
PBAF Standard vs 2022
PBAF (2022)
The partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials
PBAF is a Biodiversity Accounting Standard for the Financial sector to help financial institutions reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, and shift towards nature conservation and restoration by measuring how their loans and investments impact on biodiversity allowing them to make informed priorities.
The PBAF standard consists of:
  • Overview of impact assessments approaches and assessment of positive impact
  • Guidance, requirements, and recommendations on Biodiversity Foot printing.
The standard identifies types of impact assessments:
  • Screening of a potential impact on biodiversity, based on (a) Qualitative information on impact drivers, (b) Asset location and geospatial biodiversity data, (c) Information on impact drivers & geospatial biodiversity data and/or (d) A quantified biodiversity footprint.
  • Measuring actual impact on biodiversity, based on monitoring of actual changes in biodiversity and an attribution of these changes to interventions/actions financed.’
    PBAF (2022)

The standard’s biodiversity footprint guide consists of four steps:
  1. Understand the investment.
  2. Analysis of environmental inputs and outputs of economic activities.
  3. Analysis of the impact on biodiversity.
  4. Interpretation of the footprint result.
 
Nature dependency is going to be included in future revisions of the assessment.
PBAF aligns itself with other initiatives including TNFD, the European Align initiative and the Finance for biodiversity pledge.
Financial sector
Impacts on nature
Science-Based Targets for Nature
SBTN (2023)
WWF, UN Global Compact, WRI and CDP
Science-Based Targets for Nature are currently developing science-based targets for nature, the first part will be available Q2 2023 and provide companies with a technical guide for how to assess and prioritise their environmental impacts and set targets accordingly to help improve their impacts.
 
Business sector
Impacts and dependency on nature.
 
The System of Environmental Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA)
 
United Nations, European Commission, FAO, OECD, World Bank Group
The SEEA organises and presents statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy. The SEEA Central Framework was adopted by the UN Statistical Commission as the first international standard for environmental-economic accounting in 2012. The SEEA Ecosystem Accounting was adopted in 2021 and complements the Central Framework. The framework constitutes an integrated statistical framework and considers how individual environmental assets interact as part of natural processes within a given spatial area. By organising biophysical data, measuring ES, tracking changes in ecosystem assets, and linking this information to economic and other human activity. Can be applied at different scales both national and subnational
Policy and decisionmakers
Impacts and dependency on nature
The Sustainable Investment Framework
CISL & ILG (2019)
The Investment Leaders Group (ILG) and CISL
Cambridge Institute for Sustainable Leadership has developed the Framework together with ILG. The Framework uses the SDGs as measures of performance and makes it possible to quantify investment impacts to support more informed investment decisions on six impact themes:
  • Healthy ecosystems
  • Climate stability
  • Resource security
  • Basic needs
  • Wellbeing
  • Decent work
Financial sector
Impacts on nature.
Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
Global Canopy, AFD, CIFF, Australian government; Department of Climate change, energy, the environment and water, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality of the Netherlands, Government of Switzerland, FOEN & SIF, Government of the UK, Department for Env., Food and Rural Affairs, MACDOCH Foundation, Global Env. Facility, Green Finance Institute, UNDP, UNEP finance initiative, WWF
TNFD is a global initiative with the mission to develop and deliver a risk management and disclosure framework for organisations to report and act on evolving nature related issues which refer to nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities, with the aim to support a shift in global financial flows away from nature negative outcomes and toward nature-positive outcomes. The TNFD framework is intended for use globally by corporates and financial institutions of all sizes. The TNFD framework follows these principles:
  • Market usability.
  • Science-based.
  • Embrace nature-related risks.
  • Purpose driven.
  • Integrated and adaptive.
  • Climate-nature nexus.
  • Globally inclusive.
 
The framework consists of the following elements:
  • Recommended disclosures
  • Risk & Opportunity Assessment Approach (LEAP)
  • Core Concepts & Definitions
  • Data, Metrics & Targets
  • Scenario Guidance
Additional Guidance
All corporate sectors
Impacts and dependency on nature.
 
Tools  
Biodiversity Focus 
Title
Developer
Description
Sector
Scope
Biodiversity Footprints for
Financial Institutions (BFFI)
PRé, CREM and ASN Bank.
BFFI measures financial institutions’ impact on biodiversity. The Methodology consists of four steps:
  1. Understanding system boundaries: what economic activities are directly or indirectly linked to a company, project etc.
  2. Identification of environmental inputs and emissions linked to economic activities.
  3. Translation of emissions, land, water, and resource use into environmental pressures.
  4. Interpret the results using both quantitative impact calculations and a qualitative analysis of the case study and the footprint results.
 
Four different financial institutions tested the BFFI on four different cases. The goal was to gain knowledge and experience in calculating the biodiversity impacts of loans and investments and learn how financial institutions can use the results in a meaningfully
Broer et al. (2021)
.
Financial sector
Impacts on nature
Biodiversity Risk Filter
Church et al. (2022)
WWF
The risk filter is a free online tool to assess and respond to biodiversity risks and opportunities. The tool consists of four modules:
  1. Inform: Dependencies and impacts on biodiversity
  2. Explore: maps for physical and reputational biodiversity risks
  3. Assess: biodiversity risks across your operations, value chain and investments.
  4. Respond: mitigate your biodiversity risks and enhance resilience (not yet published, Q2 2023)
WWF have also published a site with case studies showcasing how companies have applied the biodiversity risk filter.  
WWF has also developed a Water Risk Filter
WWF (n.d.)
.
Business sector
Impacts and dependency on nature.
Cooperate Biodiversity Footprint (CBF)
Iceberg Data Lab (2022)
Iceberg Data Lab
The CBF assess the annual biodiversity impact of Corporates, Financial Institutions and Sovereign issuers. The methodology is meant to support financial actors in developing their investment strategies, reporting requirements, stewardship, and engagement policies in a way that account for biodiversity impacts. The CBF uses a science-based approach covering the material biodiversity impacts of corporates supply chain, processes, and products through their value chain. The methodology is based on the main biodiversity pressures identified by IPBES, and the CBF methodology models the following sub-pressures:
Change of land use:
  • Land occupation
  • Land transformation
    • Transformational Land Use
    • Incremental Land Use
  • Fragmentation
  • Encroachment

Pollution:
  • Soil and water eutrophication
    • P, N, and NOx emissions
  • Soil, water, and air acidification
    • NOx and SOx emissions
  • Water Ecotoxicity
    • Ecotoxicity
  • Soil Ecotoxicity
    • Ecotoxicity
  • Ocean pollution
    • Plastic entanglement

Climate Change:
  • Climate Change
    • GHG emissions

Over exploitation
  • Not yet considered.

Invasive species
  • Not yet considered.
 
Future planned improvements of the framework are to develop it further, so it includes:
  • Positive biodiversity impacts
  • Dependency to qualify companies’ reliance on biodiversity and ecosystem services[5].
Financial and business sector.
Impacts on nature.
Exiobase
Exiobase Consortium (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, The Sustainable Europe, Universiteit Leiden, Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2.-0 LCA Consultants)
Exiobase is: ‘a global, detailed Multi-Regional Environmentally Extended Supply-Use Table (MR-SUT) and Input-Output Table (MR-IOT). It was developed by harmonizing and detailing supply-use tables for a large number of countries, estimating emissions and resource extractions by industry. Subsequently the country supply-use tables were linked via trade creating an MR-SUT and producing MR-IOTs from this. The MR-IOT that can be used for the analysis of the environmental impacts associated with the final consumption of product groups.’
Cross-sectional
Impacts on nature
Exploring Natural Capital Opportunities, Risks and Exposure (ENCORE) tool
Natural Capital Financial Alliance (n.d.)
Global Canopy, UNEP FI & UNEP-WCMC
The tool helps understand and visualise the impact of environmental change on the economy. The tool focuses on the goods and services nature provides and illustrates how businesses potentially depend and impact on nature, and how these might present a business risk. The tool is continuously being developed new additions includes a module that shall help financial institutions exploring natural capital opportunities, risks and exposures and help finance institutions to better align themselves with the global goals for biodiversity
Natural Capital Financial Alliance (n.d.)
.
Cross sectional
Impacts and dependency on nature.
 
Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT)
BirdLife International, Conservation Internation, IUCN and UNEP-WCMC
IBAT is a map and reporting tool that provides geographic information on the presence of protected areas, key biodiversity areas and endangered species. IBAT can be used for biodiversity risk screening. IBAT is built upon the three following datasets:
  • The World Database on Protected areas
  • The World Database of key Biodiversity Areas
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Cross-sectional
Biodiversity risk screening
The Ocean+ Data Viewer
UNEP WCMC (N.d.)
UNEP WCMC
The Ocean+ Data Viewer offers spatial oceanic information and datasets on marine and coastal biodiversity. The datasets can be used as a knowledge foundation in decision-making concerning ocean restoration, management, and conservation
Cross-sectional
Can be used for impact assessment
Protected Planet database
Protected Planet (n.d.)
IUCN, UNEP WCMC
Protected planet constitutes several databases:
  • The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)
  • World Database on other effective area conservation measures (OECMs)
  • Global Database on Protected Area Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)
The databases can be used for biodiversity risk assessments for businesses and as an investment planning tool.
Cross-sectional
Biodiversity risk screening
Species Threats Abatement & Recovery Metric (STAR)
IBAT alliance
STAR is a metric derived from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The tool allows actors to identify opportunities for nature positive actions across the world. The STAR tool can be used to measure to what extent investments contribute to reducing the risk of species extinction (Previously known as BRIM).
 
Cross-sectional
Identify nature-positive actions across the world
Sustainability Focus
Title
Developer
Description
Sector
Scope
Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST)
Natural Capital Project (n.d.)
Natural Capital Project
InVEST consists of numerous open-source software models that can be used to map and value nature’s goods and services. Some of their models are:
  • Habitat Risk Assessment
  • Urban Flood Risk Mitigation
  • Scenic Quality
Cross-sectional
Impact and dependency on nature
 
The Equator Principles
The Equator Principles Association (2023)
The international Finance Corporation
The equator principles were first launched in 2003 and has since 2006 been aligned with the IFC Performance Standards. The 10 principles are meant to serve as a common baseline and risk management framework, that allow financial institutions to assess and manage environmental and social risks prior to financing projects.  The Equator Principles are globally relevant, can be applied to all industry sectors, and the five following financial products:
  • Project finance Advisory Services.
  • Project Finance.
  • Project-related Corporate Loans.
  • Bridge Loans.

Project-Related Refinance, and Project-Related Acquisition Finance
The Equator Principles Association (2023)
.
The Financial Sector
Environmental risk management
Portfolio Impact Analysis Tools for Banks
UNEP FI (2022)
UNEP FI Positive Impact Initiative
The tool is not biodiversity specific but focuses more broadly on the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
The tool is an input-output workflow, that enable banks to comply with the second principle of principles for responsible banking on Impact Analysis and target-setting
Financial sector
Impacts on nature

References

BESNet (n.d.). About BES-Net. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from: https://www.besnet.world/
Broer, W., Kan, D., Patel, R., van Leenders, C., & Melis, K. (2021). Biodiversity Footprint for Financial Institutions. Commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency.
Church R, Walsh M, Engel K and Vaupel M. A Biodiversity Guide for Business. Berlin, Germany: WWF, 2022
CPIC (Coalition for Private Investment in Conservation) (n.d.A). About. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from: http://cpicfinance.com/about/
CPIC (Coalition for Private Investment in Conservation) (n.d.B).Statement of intent. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from: https://cpicfinance.com/statement-of-intent/
Cross-Sector Biodiversity Initiative (CSBI). (n.d.) About us. Retrieved April 26, 2023, from: http://www.csbi.org.uk/about-us/
Cross-Sector Biodiversity Initiative (CSBI). (n.d.) Timeline tool: coordinating project schedules for biodiversity management. Retrieved April 26, 2023, from: http://www.csbi.org.uk/our-work/timeline-tool/
The Equator Principles Association (2023). About the Equator Principles. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from: https://equator-principles.com/about-the-equator-principles/
FC4S. (n.d.) Retrieved April 26, 2023, from: https://www.fc4s.org/
Finance for Biodiversity Foundation (n.d.) Finance for biodiversity foundation, Reverse nature loss in this decade. Retrieved March 7, 2023, from: https://www.financeforbiodiversity.org/
Global Impact Investing Network. n.d. Impact Investing. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from: https://thegiin.org/ 
Iceberg Data Lab (2022). Corporate Biodiversity Footprint- Methodological guide. Version: April 2022.
Natural Capital Coalition. (2016). Natural Capital Protocol. www.naturalcapitalcoalition.org/protocol 
Natural Capital Project (n.d.). InVEST. Stanford University. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from: https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/software/invest
NatureFinance (n.d.). Making Nature Count in Global Finance. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from: https://www.naturefinance.net/ 
NatureFinance (n.d.). Our Vision. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from: https://www.naturefinance.net/who-we-are/
Natural Capital Finance Alliance (n.d.) about. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from: https://encore.naturalcapital.finance/en/about 
PBAF (2022). Taking biodiversity into account, PBAF Standard v2022, Biodiversity impact assessment - Overview of approaches. 
Protected Planet (n.d.). About. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from: https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/about 
The Science Based Targets Network (SBTN) (2023). The first release of science-based targets for nature is set for May 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from: https://sciencebasedtargetsnetwork.org/news/news/first-release-of-science-based-targets-for-nature-set-for-may-2023/
The Science Based Targets Network. (n.d.). The Science Based Targets Network. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from: https://sciencebasedtargets.org/about-us/sbtn
UNEP FI (2022). Portfolio Impact Analysis Tool for Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2023, from: https://www.unepfi.org/impact/unep-fi-impact-analysis-tools/portfolio-tool/
UNEP WCMC (n.d.) About the Ocean Data Viewer. Retrieved March 7, 2023, from: https://data.unep-wcmc.org/about
University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL). (January). In search of impact: Measuring the full value of capital. Update: The Sustainable Investment Framework. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership.
University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL). (2021). Handbook for nature-related financial risks: key concepts and a framework for identification
WWF (n.d.) WWF Risk Filter Suite. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from: https://riskfilter.org/