Emissions of ammonia (NH₃), reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds, and methane (CH₄) from agriculture are recognized as significant contributors to both air pollution and climate change. This project focuses on identifying integrated solutions that address these challenges together. The primary goal of this project to identify effective measures and develop science-based policies aimed at reducing emissions of the targeted pollutants through integrated strategies. By doing so, the report highlights how both climate change and air quality issues can be addressed simultaneously, as well as what steps the Nordic countries can take to meet their obligations under international agreements.
In this project, we have compiled a database with over 300 mitigation measures that can be used to reduce emissions of NH3, Nr and CH4 in the agricultural sector, based on data and information from the Nordic countries and beyond. We have also mapped and created a database with the Nordic countries' national and international commitments and obligations to reduce these emissions. The databases serve as valuable tools for Nordic policymakers at the national, regional, and local levels, in their work of reducing emissions. The databases support decision-making, by helping to prioritize and identify effective measures that can be used to reduce air pollution and the impact on climate change, either individually or in combination.
The synergies among the identified mitigation measures, were analysed to find integrated strategies for simultaneously addressing climate change and air pollution in positive ways. The potentials for these measures to reduce emissions, were quantified through literature reviews and the GAINS model, resulting in a short-list of 17 key integrated mitigation measures holding the highest potential to reduce emissions which negatively affect both air pollution and climate change. The majority of the selected measures target the handling of manure and fertiliser applications, demonstrating a significant potential to simultaneously reduce emissions of NH3 and CH4, thereby contributing to improved air quality and a lower impact on climate change.
The conclusion of this project is that the Nordic countries should prioritise integrated measures to tackle both air pollution and climate change, particularly through improved manure storage and fertiliser application practices. To do so, it is essential to implement strengthened policy frameworks with financial incentives and educational programs, as well as addressing organisational challenges within governmental structures that often separate the sectors agriculture, environment, and climate. A common platform for coordination can help design effective policies that maximise co-benefits relating to various environmental goals. Additionally, developing streamlined monitoring and evaluation systems, along with promoting farm-level climate gas measurement and planning, will contribute to the sustainability of agricultural practices and to successful emissions reductions.