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Authors
Samuli Korpinen
1*
, Antti Takolander
1
, Zandra Gerdes
2
, Jesper H. Andersen
3
, Ciaran J. Murray
3
, Nathalie B. Zak
3
, Antonia Nyström Sandman
2
, Pinja Pelkonen
3
& Jacob Carstensen
4
*) contact email: samuli.korpinen@syke.fi
1) Finnish Environment Institute (Syke)
2) NIRAS Sweden AB
3) Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)
4) Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience
Sustainable levels of human activities in the Nordic marine environment
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Introduction
Marine ecosystem responses to cumulative anthropogenic pressures
Differences in pressures impacting the Nordic seas
Pressures spread over large areas and long time
Pressures causing acute impacts
How specific human activities impact the marine ecosystem
Sea and shore-based human activities preventing good ecosystem state
COMA meta-analysis of seabed impacts from human activities
COMA case study: Depth limit of eelgrass in response to eutrophication and mussel dredging
COMA case study: Impacts of eutrophication, boating and dredging on Finnish reef and lagoon vegetation
Evidence for the sustainable levels of human activities
Dredging
Disposal of dredged matter
Sand and gravel extraction
Shipping and ferry traffic
Marinas
Motor boating
Wind turbine construction and operation
Placement of cables and pipelines
Fishing
Safe distances from pressure impacts
Conclusions