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8. References

Calcott, P., & Walls, M. (2000). Can Downstream Waste Disposal Policies Encourage Upstream "Design for Environment"? American Economic Review, 233–237.
Calcott, P., & Walls, M. (2005). Waste, recycling, and “Design for Environment”: Roles for markets and policy instruments. Resource and Energy Economics, 287305.
Deloitte. (2020). Reducing Plastic Pollution and Creating a True Circular Economy for Plastics through Extended Producer Responsibility.
EPRS. (2023). Revision of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive. Retrieved from European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2023/745707/EPRS_BRI(2023)745707_EN.pdf 
European Chemicals Agency. (n.d.). Understanding WFD. Retrieved from ECHA: https://echa.europa.eu/understanding-wfd
European Commission. (2023a). Waste Framework Directive. Retrieved from European Commission: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/waste-and-recycling/waste-framework-directive_en
European Commission. (2023b). Proposal for a targeted revision of the Waste Framework Directive. Retrieved from European Commission: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/publications/proposal-targeted-revision-waste-framework-directive_en
European Union. (2022, November 04). Single-use plastics – fighting the impact on the environment.
Filho, W. L., Saari, U., Fedorouk, M., Iital, A., Moora, H., Klöga, M., & Voronova, V. (2019). An overview of the problems posed by plastic products and the role of extended producer responsibility in Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production, 550–558.
FTI. (n.d.). Packaging design. Retrieved from FTI: https://fti.se/en/company/packaging-design
Fullerton, D., & Wu, W. (1998). Policies for green design. Journal of environmental economics and mangement, 131-148.
Hammar, M., Holgersson, P., Nordzell, H., Stafsing, L., Wahtra, J., Almasi, A., . . . Steen, L. (2021). Förbättrad styrning av plastförpackningar från verksamheter.
Hennlock, M. e. (2014). Plastic Waste - A review with Nordic perspectives. Denmark: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Lindhqvist, T. (2000). Extended Producer Responsibility in Cleaner Production: Policy Principle to Promote Environmental Improvements of Product Systems. Lund: Doctoral Thesis (monograph), The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics.
Lovdata. (2023, July 1). Lov om vern mot forurensninger og om avfall (forurensningsloven). Retrieved from https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1981-03-13-6/KAPITTEL_4#KAPITTEL_4
Mager, M., Traxler, I., Fischer, J., & Finger, D. (2022). Potential Analysis of the Plastics Value Chain for Enhanced Recycling Rates: A Case Study in Iceland.
Maitre-Ekern, E. (2021). Re-thinking producer responsibility for a sustainable circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production.
McKinsey & Company. (2019). New Plastics Economy: A research, innovation and business opportunity for Denmark. McKinsey & Company.
Miljødirektoratet. (2022a). Videreutvikling av produsentansvaret i Norge.
Miljødirektoratet. (2022b, 11 01). Produsenter får større ansvar for produktene som avfall. Retrieved from https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/aktuelt/nyheter/2022/november-2022/produsenter-far-storre-ansvar-for-produktene-som-avfall/
Miljødirektoratet. (2023a, February 7). Emballasje. Retrieved from https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/ansvarsomrader/avfall/Returordninger-avfall/emballasje/
Miljødirektoratet. (2023b, June 27). Produsentar må betale for opprydding av plastforsøpling. Retrieved from https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/aktuelt/nyheter/2023/juni-2023/produsentar-ma-betale-for-opprydding-av-plastforsopling/
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Naturvårdsverket. (2023d, June 23). Littering fees for some products. Retrieved from https://www.naturvardsverket.se/en/guidance/extended-producer-responsibility-epr/littering-fees-for-some-producers/
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RINKI. (n.d.). Price lists. Retrieved from https://rinkiin.fi/en/producer-responsibility/price-lists/
Roman, E. (2012). WEEE management in Europe: learning from best practice. i G. a. Stevels, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook (s. 22). Woodhead Publiching.
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Úrvinnslusjóður. (2022, December 28). Breytingar á úrvinnslugjaldi 1. janúar 2023. Retrieved from https://www.urvinnslusjodur.is/um-urvinnslusjod/utgafa/tilkynningar/breytingar-a-urvinnslugjaldi-1.-januar-2023
Walls, M. (2006). Extended Producer Responsibility and Product Design. Research for the Future Discussion Paper.
WWF & Institute for European Environmental Policy. (2020). How to Implement Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). WWF International. Retrieved from https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/how_to_implement_epr___briefing_for_government_and_business.pdf

8.1 Interviews

Interviews have been conducted with representatives from the list below:
  • The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Sweden
  • The Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Pirkanmaa (ELY), Finland
  • Icelandic Recycling Fund (IRF), Iceland
  • The Ministry of Environment, Denmark
Nordic Council of Ministers I www.norden.org/publications I pub@norden.org