What does the Global Biodiversity Framework aim at?
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) was agreed upon in December 2022 at the CBD COP15 replaces the existing Aichi targets from 2010. It sets out a new framework for the actions needed to be taken to safeguard biodiversity.
The GBF contains 4 global goals ("Kunming-Montreal Global Goals for 2050") and 23 targets ("Kunming-Montreal 2030 Global Targets") ((https://www.cbd.int/gbf/goals). The most prominent and easily understood target is Target 3" referred to as the "30 by 30" target. The GBF succeeds the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 (including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets).
The four goals are:
Protect and Restore
The integrity, resilience, and connectivity of ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050, and that human-induced extinction of threatened species is halted, and that by 2050, extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold, and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; and that the genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential.
Prosper with Nature
Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development, for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.
Share Benefits Fairly
The monetary and non-monetary benefits from the utilization of genetic resources, and digital sequence information on genetic resources, and of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as applicable, are shared fairly and equitably, including, as appropriate with indigenous peoples and local communities, and substantially increased by 2050, while ensuring traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is appropriately protected, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in accordance with internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments
Invest and Collaborate
Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity.
The 23 targets are organized under three headlines: 1. Reducing threats to biodiversity, 2. Meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing, 3. Tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming. (A full presentation of the targets can be found as an appendix to this document.)
