This report is a deliverable for Work Package 1, task 5, led by the Finnish Ministry of Environment and carried out by SWECO, BUILD (Aalborg University), LCA Support and EFLA. The project is a part of the Nordic Sustainable Construction programme initiated by the Nordic Ministers of Construction and Housing and funded by Nordic Innovation.
It presents a catalogue of 26 best practice cases of Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) in the Nordic countries and Estonia. The cases have been collected through an open call in the participating countries in 2024. They indicate efforts for either reducing total carbon emissions below a given reference or demonstrating specific carbon mitigation measures.
The cases are presented in a systematic structure providing general information as well as specific carbon assessment and carbon mitigation procedures. Results are given in Global Warming Potential and illustrated from different angles and different forms of aggregation. Key methodological features are given in a transparent manner in order to view the results in their context. A summary of the key mitigation strategies are given in tables 1 and 2.
The results show a wide range of case types, contexts and carbon mitigation strategies. Most cases reflect the current situation in which carbon declarations and mitigation strategies are being applied when committing to voluntary certification schemes or client requirements. These experiences, however, may prove valuable as carbon regulation will become a mandatory requirement in the European Union and other countries.
Among the most-widely reported strategies is an early commitment to sustainability goals and the adoption of innovative, low-carbon materials and techniques. From the use of alternative concrete binders and high-recycled content steel to the extensive use of timber, particularly in innovative applications like CLT slab and walls elements, these projects show how material choices can significantly lower carbon footprints. Early collaboration between designers, contractors, consultants and suppliers have proven essential in achieving ambitious climate targets. Technological strategies include prefabrication, bio-based construction materials as well as efficient and renewable energy.
The reported cases also highlight considerable variation in method, especially scope, rendering direct comparison inappropriate. Until a greater methodological harmonisation is achieved, this report advises to clearly define methodological choices and provide detailed explanations of the underlying assumptions when creating a case database for learning and analysis.