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Activity Models: Analysis and Application

The initiative "Developing Digital Skills by Sharing Intergenerational Experiences" aims to enhance digital literacy among older adult individuals by engaging young volunteers, thus fostering inter­generational communication and understanding.
To implement the initiative's activities, two models are proposed:
The Community Model supports a relatively spontaneous consultation process led by the local community (understood broadly as a set of residents and educational, cultural, and community organizations in that location).
The Organization Model emphasizes the primary role of a legal entity that organizes volunteer work and coordinates mentoring activities.

Community Model

In this model, the local community consists of residents, members of educational, cultural, and other community institutions like libraries, schools, museums, parishes, and others.
The activity organizers are the heads of these institutions, employees, or elected or appointed representatives.
Participants include:
  • A structure organizing and providing volunteers (e.g., a school),
  • An institution open to holding meetings (a library, for example), which manages the meeting schedule and registers the volunteer work,
  • An organization representing or able to inform the older adults (e.g., a local community organization), which plays a crucial role in motivating older adults to participate,
  • Volunteers,
  • The older adults (final beneficiaries).
Volunteer work, as described earlier in civic education plans, is well received by schools, and additional volunteer work opportunities in the community are welcomed by schools, which are located in most areas. Currently, there are 795 general education institutions in Lithuania (excluding primary only schools).
In this model, local public libraries and other accepting organisations could play a key role offering spaces for consultations and managing the schedule and registration of volunteer work. For example, in Lithuania, public libraries operate in areas with over 900 potential visitors, and there are more than 1,000 public libraries and branches with public internet access points (PIAPs).
Libraries here operate according to strategic plans for 2022–2024, aligned with the Ministry of Culture's "Library Development Path for 2016–2022."
Kretinga district municipality M. Valančiaus Public Library Strategic Plan 2022–2024  https://www.kretvb.lt/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bibliotekos-strateginis-planas-2022%E2%80%932024.pdf (as typical example)
One of the main goals of library activities is to "contribute to the creation of a knowledge society by promoting informational and computer literacy and lifelong learning" and to improve the library's image. Corresponding objectives are identified, such as teaching residents to use digital techno­logies and organizing public events.
Library staff already have extensive experience in conducting training sessions and supervising the consultations provided by volunteer e-scouts (project: "Connected Lithuania 2019–2021").
The involvement of libraries in project activities will also be encouraged by the opportunity to attract more visitors, strengthen communication with them, and enhance the library's prestige and role in the community (these aspects are emphasized as desirable in the SWOT analysis of many libraries).
Local communities (often legal entities like associations) unite and inform local residents. Their objectives include fostering civic participation, integrating those who cannot do so independently, and mobilizing volunteers.
This model could be sustainable in the long term, even without external funding, if strong relation­ships are established between participating parties and they remain interested in main­taining the program. However, this model would only work in locations where there is both a school and a public library (typically a population of around 1,000 or more).

Strengths

  • Participating schools ensure a steady flow of young volunteers.
  • Public libraries (and other accepting organisations) provide spaces where consultations can be held.
  • Participating communities help to reach seniors and encourage their involvement.

Weaknesses

  • It may be difficult to engage seniors unaware of the program.
  • Encouraging students to participate in external volunteer work could be challenging.
  • Not all necessary components (school, library) may be available in certain areas.

Opportunities

  • The program could strengthen inter­generational relation­ships and solidarity.
  • Public libraries (and other accepting organisations) offer space not only for consultations but also for various edu­cational activities.

Risks

  • Seniors may be hesitant to join the program if not adequately informed.
  • Without financial support, libraries may lack motivation to take on the coordinator role.

Implementation Plan

Initiators of the model in a selected community should ensure that at least two key components: school and library (or other accepting organisation) are present, and ideally, a community organization.
Recommended implementation steps:
  • Agree with public libraries or other accepting organisations on the possibility of hosting IT consultations on their premises.
  • Inform schools about the volunteering opportunities.
  • Ensure the school's administration designates a person responsible for cooperation.
  • Provide young volunteers with all necessary information and resources for preparation.
  • Collaborate with local communities that have direct contact with seniors and inform them about the available IT consultations using information materials and various communication channels.
  • Develop a consultation schedule (facilitating communication between the librarian, volunteer, and senior).
  • Conduct consultations and register them.
  • Collect and respond to feedback from all parties.
For the model to be sustainable without financial support and external coordination, it is crucial to establish strong community ties and use creative ways to involve local people. Key factors for sustainability include:
  1. Support from the local community: Engage local community members willing to voluntarily coordinate activities and designate more consultation spaces.
  2. Informing and holding events: Organize campaigns and other events to promote the project to both volunteers and seniors.
  3. Partnerships with schools: Create cooperation agreements to involve students in volunteer work and integrate the program into school volunteer work plans.
  4. Local funding: Seek local sponsors to motivate participating volunteers and library workers and help establish more consultation points.
  5. Local communication: Use social networks, community meetings, and other free communication methods to promote the program and attract new participants.
Those overseeing the premises where consultations take place (in this case, library workers) should monitor participant activities, collect relevant data, and register consultations so that students can receive credit for volunteer work in school.
It is important that this system is clear, reliable, and understandable to all stakeholders. The consultation schedules could be prepared and coordinated by a library staff member or a designated (involved) community representative.

Consultations with Schools

For the community model to function effectively, it is recommended that initiators consult with the general education school community to address the following questions:
  1. What requirements does the school set for students' volunteer work?
  2. How important is volunteering for the school? Does it help the school achieve its goals?
  3. How much time do students typically dedicate to volunteer work weekly or monthly?
  4. What experience does the school have in organizing student volunteering, especially outside school? Does the school collaborate with public libraries, senior organizations, or other local community groups?
  5. What challenges does the school see in implementing this model?
  6. Could the school contribute to preparing volunteers for consultation (by providing learning resources, explaining rules, etc.)?
  7. How could the school contribute to the model’s implementation?
  8. Does the school have suggestions for improving the model?
  9. How could the school collaborate more effectively with the library (or another accepting organisation) in implementing this model?
  10. Does the school wish to directly collaborate with senior organizations?
  11. How does the school view the model's sustainability, and what would need to be done for it to function independently?
* We do not limit ourselves to formal senior organizations; it can also be a local community where a significant portion of the members are older adult individuals.

Consultations with Libraries

(Note: this model is not limiting to libraries, but any supervised space that is open to the public can be involved.)

To understand the goals and opportunities of local public libraries, initiators should consult with library staff and address the following questions:
  1. What experience does the library have in hosting students for volunteer work and organizing events or consultations for seniors?
  2. What are the library’s capacities for providing space for student volunteer work?
  3. Would the library help create a consultation schedule and record student volunteer hours?
  4. Does the library collaborate with the school, senior organizations, and other local groups?
  5. How could the library inform seniors about the opportunity to receive consultations?
  6. Would the library be willing to use consultations as a way to attract more visitors and raise its profile in the community?
  7. How will the library ensure a safe and friendly environment for both students and seniors?
  8. Does the library have suggestions for organizing student consultations for seniors more effectively?

Consultations with Senior Organizations

To assess the viability of the planned activities, initiators should consult with local senior organizations. As they represent the end beneficiaries of the service, it is essential to clarify the demand and communication aspects.
Key questions to address:
  • What are the primary digital needs of seniors? Are there specific topics they would like assistance with?
  • How does the senior organization view the need for student-led consultations?
  • What times are most convenient for seniors to attend consultations?
  • How can the organization inform seniors about the opportunity for consultations?
  • Does the organization have experience working with schools or libraries?
  • What challenges does the organization see in implementing such a volunteer model?
  • Could the organization directly organize student volunteer work (space, scheduling, registration, etc.)?
  • Does the organization have suggestions for improving the model?

Organization Model

The central entity in this model is a non-governmental organization (NGO), budgetary institution, or social enterprise that organizes youth volunteer work or provides assistance to seniors.
In this model, organizers are the organization’s leaders, employees, or appointed representatives.
Participants include:
  • The structure that organizes and provides volunteers (e.g., an NGO), which manages volunteers, schedules meetings, and communicates with the seniors or their organizations.
  • An organization that represents or informs seniors (e.g., a university of the third age, a retirement club, a social department, a parish, etc.).
  • Volunteers.
  • Seniors (final beneficiaries).
This model works with any organization that already has experience working with youth or seniors and wishes to expand its activities.
Participation in this project would benefit the organization by:
  • Expanding and enhancing its activities by contributing to community well being,
  • Increasing its involvement and service diversity in pursuit of its core goal of growth,
  • Attracting more volunteers and using them more flexibly,
  • Providing volunteers with new digital skills and experiences,
  • Reaching more organizations that could contribute to the organization’s goals.

Implementation Plan

Unlike the community model, this model relies on the organization's existing experience, skills, and relationships. It only requires offering new knowledge and resources to prepare volunteers and conduct a pilot consultation cycle.

Strengths:

  • Wide acceptance of volunteers from various organizations and sectors.
  • Coordinated work with seniors and youth, promoting intergenerational understanding.
  • Expansion of activities by incorporating new content or partnerships with senior (or youth) organizations.

Weaknesses:

  • It may be challenging to ensure that all volunteers are adequately prepared for consultations.
  • The organization may lack volunteers with the necessary skills.
  • Managing relationships with various sending and receiving volunteer organizations could be difficult.

Opportunities:

  • Expanding volunteer training programs.
  • Reaching more seniors and their organizations and involving new individuals in the organization's activities.

Risks:

  • Competition for volunteers with other organizations.
  • Financial risks due to the growing scope of activities and needs.
  • Reputational risk if the organization cannot ensure proper consultation.
A good opportunity for the organization to start consulting seniors is through international digital knowledge development campaigns, such as Senior Week, Safer Internet Week, Digital Weeks, etc.

Readiness of Volunteer Organizations

Organizations intending to implement the activities of the organizational model should first assess their capabilities and local circumstances by discussing the following questions:
  1. What is the organization’s experience in working with youth or seniors?
  2. What are the organization’s goals and expectations in participating in this initiative?
  3. What resources can be allocated by the organization?
  4. How does the organization plan to manage the work and schedule of volunteers?
  5. How does the organization communicate with seniors or organizations representing them?
  6. How does the organization plan to assess the digital needs of seniors?
  7. What are the organization’s proposals for new knowledge resources for volunteers?
  8. Does the organization have suggestions for better organizing these consultations for seniors?