Based on the findings of this study, we provide a set of targeted policy recommendations for Nordic decision-makers. These recommendations aim to highlight key focus areas to support increased rewetting in the Nordic countries and contribute to fulfilment of national and international climate and nature obligations.
Establish clear area-based targets with timelines and monitoring requirements
National area-based targets provide an efficient policy framework for implementing rewetting measures. While some Nordic countries have established such targets, others have yet to do so. It is recommended that all Nordic countries adopt clear area-based targets. The achievement of these targets should be closely monitored and regularly reported. Given the requirements of the EU Nature Restoration Law, setting these targets will also be important to meet legislative obligations. Area-based targets can further be defined for specific policies to enhance focus and efficiency.
Establish earmarked budgets for rewetting
Ensure that funding mechanisms are clearly linked to policy targets and objectives. Allocate specific budgets for rewetting instead of merging them with broader funds for nature restoration.
Set monitoring requirements and provide guidance
Continuous monitoring and assessment of established rewetting sites is necessary to ascertain that measures have the desired effects on greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, monitoring of other effects, including effects on biodiversity, on surrounding landscape and infrastructure, and on human health should be considered. To support this, policymakers can allocate funds for long-term monitoring and support the development of national monitoring methods and programs.
Design policies for adaptive management
Policies should include provisions for adaptive management, ensuring that wetlands remain functional over time. This approach allows for adjustments based on monitoring results and changing conditions, safeguarding the long-term success of rewetting initiatives.
Strengthen incentives for private landowners
Strengthen and expand the incentive structures for landowners to participate in rewetting. Carry out surveys and enter dialogue with landowner about values, interests and concerns regarding rewetting. Continuous research on compensation levels, effective engagement strategies, and cost reductions are essential measures to ensure long-term success, especially for rewetting on private land. Expanding financial support mechanisms, such as compensation agreements, can potentially be one way forward in the countries where these are newly established. Financial support mechanisms should be coupled with guidance and administrative support in order to be successful.
Invest in knowledge building
Increased knowledge among regional and local decision-makers, managers and constructors can largely impact the results of rewetting measures. Policymakers should direct resources toward increasing knowledge among rewetting actors to enhance their ability to implement and oversee rewetting initiatives. Better use of scientific research and expertise can help achieve policy goals more effectively. Cross-border exchange of knowledge should also be prioritized, particularly by leveraging the experiences of frontrunner rewetting countries such as Finland.
Use site mapping to guide measures
Effective rewetting requires knowledge of local conditions and restoration potential. The methodology for Sweden’s and Denmark’s “peat-maps” can be adapted and shared across the Nordic region to help identify and prioritize rewetting sites based on soil conditions and environmental data.
Involve and mobilise stakeholders
Increasing rewetting efforts requires collective action, social acceptance and land consolidation processes. Policymakers must therefore address resistance from local communities and landowners by designing collaborative processes, where stakeholders are invited early on in the design of measures.