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5. Conclusions and recommen­dations

In this study, we applied a multidimensional methodology to assess the ‘Paris alignment’ of EIFO, the official ECA of Denmark. The study finds that EIFO is ‘Transformational’ regarding the objectives commonly agreed upon under the Paris Agreement. EIFO is the first ECA to gain this high score applying Perspectives Climate Research’s Paris Alignment methodology. This aggregate assessment outcome is based on the evidence we found across 18 questions in five dimensions, including EIFO’s transparency, fossil fuel exclusion and restriction policies, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and targets for its portfolio, contribution to climate finance as well as climate-related engagement. Each assessment dimension is underpinned by precise benchmarks of ‘Paris alignment’ that are informed by best practices in the global export finance system, peer-reviewed literature as well as experts that contributed to the methodology development (Shishlov et al., 2021).
Crucially, in 2021, Denmark became a signatory to the COP26 Statement on the Clean Energy Transition (CETP, n.d.) that aimed to phase out all international support to fossil fuels by 2022 and which was implemented via an ambitious, best-in-class fossil fuel phase-out policy (KEFM, 2021b). This manifests EIFO's long-term withdrawal from the financing of international coal, oil and gas projects, having not financed fossil fuel power projects between 2018 and 2022 (E3F, 2023).
Overall, with a score of 2.54/3.00 – higher than Sweden’s ECAs (EKN: 2.22/3.00 and SEK: 2.30/3.00; Schmidt et al., 2024) and Finnvera (2.20/3.00) (Schmidt, Jia et al., 2024) – EIFO should be considered leading in creating high climate standards and a ‘level-playing field’ in the global export finance system, particularly in the OECD but also within the E3F and the Berne Union’s Climate Working Group. EIFO has scored ‘Transformational’ despite some shortcomings regarding the absence of granular project-level reporting on GHG emissions data and sustainability impact, a lack of a clear definition of climate finance and its earmarks and not yet defined sectorial emission pathways to net zero by 2045. All recommendations for the Danish government and EIFO to improve the scores further are summarised per assessment dimension in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Summary of key recommendations per assessment dimension.
Key recommendations for aligning EIFO with the Paris Agreement
Financial and non-financial disclosure and transparency (Dimension 1)
  • Report financed GHG emissions on the project level, using best international practices and publishing lifetime emissions of assets.
  • Make more metadata on EIFO’s portfolio available, including information on geographic distribution and publishing EKF’s and Vækstfonden’s Annual Reports
  • Disclose granular project-level information on climate risks and fossil-fuel-related transition risks of transactions within the value chains of fossil fuel-related/-dependent sectors.
  • Publish an annual overview of sectors exposed to fossil-related transition risks and other assets.
  • Define and report climate finance using unambiguous lists of activities using international best practices such as the EU taxonomy.
  • Adhere to the Task Force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) for a more holistic approach to environmental risk and opportunity disclosures.
Ambition of fossil fuel exclusion or restriction policies (Dimension 2)
  • No further recommendations.
Climate impact of and emission reduction targets for all activities (Dimension 3)
  • Publish explanations for year-on-year changes in absolute emissions and emission intensity for sectors besides RE.
  • Define sectorial climate targets, following the best-available climate science and ensuring Paris alignment and codify these targets in key policy documents
  • Engage with other ECAs on how to expand the use of emission displacement assessments of projects while mitigating greenwashing risks.
Positive contribution to the global climate transition (Dimension 4)
  • Expand climate finance by allocating even more resources to climate-related activities, prioritising projects with high reduction potential and hard-to-abate sectors.
  • Support the adoption of a common climate finance definition in the global export finance system based on the EU Taxonomy and apply it to EIFO in the form of granular project-level reporting.
  • Further explore options to incentivise ‘green’ exports, e.g. by expanding sustainability performance-based financing mechanisms across all relevant sectors
Outreach and ‘pro-activeness’ of the ECA and its governments (Dimension 5)
  • Continue Denmark’s ambitious diplomatic initiatives to support a global phase-out of fossil fuels.
  • Expand collaboration with relevant national actors to align and include climate targets for export finance in key policy documents and to align on approaches.