The Nordic Council of Ministers agrees to

• Implementing national action plans which incorporate the One Health perspective, intersectoral coordination mechanisms to ensure effective coordination of initiatives across the areas of human health, animal health and the environment.
• The need for effective hygiene, sanitation and prevention guidelines.
• Support mechanisms that stimulate prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials.
• Identifying and eliminating economic incentives in all sectors that encourage inappropriate use of antimicrobials.
• Introducing incentives to contain and reduce the use of antimicrobials.
• Improving public awareness and understanding of AMR in society at large.
• Surveillance of AMR and the use of antimicrobials in humans and animals.
• Surveillance of antimicrobials in the environment and other indicators for antimicrobial resistance evolution and/or transmission in the environment and relevant wastewater, and methods to address the decontamination of prioritised microbes.
• The development of preventive and alternative countermeasures to reduce the need for antimicrobials.

• Address the issue of transparency regarding shortages and supply of antimicrobials, especially the reduced access to narrow-spectrum penicillin.
• Explore possible joint measures to make the Nordic markets for antimicrobials more predictable and stable.
• Make use of Nordic cooperation and encourage a common approach in areas related to access such as mapping out production capacity, procurement, push and pull incentives, formulation strengths, common packages, electronic leaflets, and labelling.
• Work together towards establishing a Nordic revenue guarantee model.
• Identify necessary research and development and support possible Nordic mechanisms to strengthen the development of new antimicrobials.
• Encourage cooperation and common approaches to treatment guidelines where antimicrobials are used.
• Encourage cooperation and common approaches to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines and trainings in order to prevent the spread of AMR within health care and long-term care facilities.
• Encourage aligning surveillance programmes in the Nordic countries where appropriate.