Extreme weather conditions, which can lead to flooding, droughts and violent storms, are expected to become more common, even in the Nordic Region. Rising temperatures cause the permafrost to melt and the ice caps to shrink. Moreover, it is also likely that our societies will be affected by the effects of changing climate conditions in other parts of the world. These cross-border effects will include phenomena such as migration, as well as impact on trade and supply chains, financial systems and infrastructure. Nordic co-operation must promote the development of policies and measures for climate adaptation in line with other societal goals and with due consideration to the overall resilience of our societies. We must develop and disseminate knowledge about methods and working models that can improve and boost the efficiency of our efforts in relation to various different aspects of climate adaptation, such as cross-border climate risks and robust monitoring systems. Furthermore, Nordic co-operation on the environment and climate must also raise awareness of the challenges and provide support to solutions that incorporate the climate, biodiversity loss and air pollution. It should also encompass the development of knowledge and the analysis of how water supply systems and other essential utility services can be designed so that they are as robust as possible. It is crucial that there is co-operation not just nationally, but at the regional and local level as well, and this must be supported.