Appendix C: Survey questions

Circular construction – challenges and solutions

• Finland
• Denmark
• Sweden
• Norway
• Island
• Other _____________________

• Building owner/investor/advisor
• Design team (engineer, architect)
• Contractor and builder
• Demolition expert
• Construction product manufacturer
• Government/regulator/local authority
• Academia
• NGO
• Other _____________________

IMPORTANT BARRIERS TO CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION

1. Risk and responsibility
   – difficulty in defining, assigning, and accepting the risks and responsibilities of CC.
2. Product documentation/certification
   – uncertainty about technical capabilities and lack of certification
3. Market
   – lack of visibility, security of supply and market size
4. Cooperation in value chain
   – difficult in creating effective communication and cooperation along the value chain throughout  the construction process
5. Laws and building regulations
   – existing regulation hinders re-use and circular construction
6. Culture within the branch
   – difficult to change existing approaches, methods, expectations, and structures
7. Logistics
   – expensive and difficult storage and transport of materials and elements for reuse.
8. Economic
   – circular building practices and products are often more expensive
9. Demand
   – insufficient demand for circular product and circular buildings from all parts of the value chain, but especially developers and commissioning authorities
10. Supply
    – insufficient supply of reused/recycled materials and products due to Logistics, strategy, technical, knowledge & experience, material mapping)
11. Knowledge and experience 
    – lack of in disassembly for reuse and construction with reused components
12. Hazardous substances
    – makes reuse more challenging and introduces risk.

1. What is the single most important barrier for you?
   _____________________
2. What is the single most barrier for circular construction in general?
   _____________________

IMPORTANT ENABLERS TO CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION

1. Develop National programmes for circular construction, including education, guidance, and standards.
2. Lower VAT on recycled and reused products.
3. Institute a Carbon Tax.
4. Increase the costs associated with waste management.
5. Develop national networks and knowledge centres for Circular Construction.
6. Promote Nordic cooperation.
7. Develop standards for circular construction [construction & demolition processes, planning processes, documentation, and contract forms].
8. Develop standard process for identification, evaluation and reuse for hazardous substances
9. Develop and promote reuse platforms at scale.
10. Develop a common methodology for material and product mapping of end-of-life buildings.
11. Require authorisation for demolition of end-of-life buildings, including analysis of reuse potential and obligatory material and product mapping.
12. Develop standardised documentation with standardised data for reuse products/components (EU-wide).
13. Develop standardised re-certification procedures for reuse products/components.
14. Integrate reuse guidance and criteria in standards for new products.
15. Develop clear guidelines on how to use circular building practices within current and future building regulations and codes.
16. Provide state-backed guarantees for reuse products/elements.
17. Obligatory circular construction criteria in Public Procurement of buildings and infrastructure.
18. Promote a stronger focus on maintenance throughout building lifecycle.
19. Promote Public Private partnerships to hedge responsibilities and risks in Circular construction projects.

• Additional comments/ opportunities:
  _____________________
• What is the single most important enabler for you?
  _____________________
• What is the single most enabler for circular construction I general?
  _____________________
• Does your company have any goals related to resource efficiency and circularity
  _____________________
• What are the goals?
  _____________________
• Other Comments:
  _____________________