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Opposition to gender equality in the Nordic countries
Encounters with anti-gender politics across civil society, academia and government
Opposition to gender equality in the Nordic countries
Encounters with anti-gender politics across civil society, academia and government
Opposition to gender equality in the Nordic countries
About this publication
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Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Previous research on opposition to gender equality in Europe
2. Aim and method
2.1 Structure and implementation of the survey
2.2 Theoretical framework and methodology
2.3 Respondent background characteristics
2.4 Areas of gender equality work among respondents
2.5 Multiple understandings of gender equality
3. Manifestations of opposition to gender equality
3.1 Encountered forms of opposition
3.2 Opposition encountered by civil society organisations
3.3 Opposition encountered by academics
3.4 Opposition encountered by government officials and civil servants
3.5 Frequency of opposition
3.6 Discursive opposition
4. Impact of opposition to gender equality
4.1 Barriers to civil society engagement: a risk of democratic backsliding
4.2 Risks to academic freedom
4.3 Restrictive impact on international government collaboration
4.4 Barriers to engaging men and boys
4.5 LGBTQI+ rights advocacy experts as a risk group
5. Counter-strategies
6. Nordic gender equality: resilience to pushback and emerging challenges
7. Conclusions
8. Key takeaways
9. Appendixes
10. References