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TemaNord 2024:515
LCA on reuse of packaging in the Nordics
A case of comparing reusable alternatives to current disposable packaging
LCA on reuse of packaging in the Nordics
About this publication
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Acronyms
Executive Summary
Sammanfattning
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Literature Review
3.1 Packaging statistics and reduction targets
3.2 Policy review
3.3 Life Cycle Assessments literature
3.4 Selection of case studies
4. Goal and Scope of the LCA
4.1 Goal of the study
4.2 Scope
5. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
5.1 Data Collection
5.2 System Modelling Per Life Cycle Stage
5.3 Nordic statistics used in the study
5.4 Software and database for background data
6. Life Cycle Impact Assessment Results
6.1 Takeaway containers base case comparison results
6.2 E-commerce base case comparison results
6.3 Sensitivity analysis
7. Interpretation
7.1 Takeaway containers relevant findings
7.2 E-commerce relevant findings
7.3 Discussion of assumptions and limitations
8. Conclusions and Recommendations
8.1 Conclusions for the takeaway container analysis
8.2 Conclusions for the e-commerce analysis
8.3 Overall conclusion and recommendations that could be derived from this study
9. References
Appendix A. Proposed political targets
Appendix B. Case studies selection
Appendix C. Point of substitution
Appendix D. Nordic statistics
Appendix E. Reusable packaging operators
Appendix F. Circular Footprint Formula factors
Appendix G. LCI tables takeaway
Appendix H. LCI tables E-commerce
Appendix I. LCIA tables base case results – Take away
Appendix J. LCIA tables base case results – E-commerce
Appendix K. LCIA tables sensitivity analyses Takeaway
Appendix L. LCIA tables sensitivity analyses E-commerce
Appendix M. E-commerce with baseline RR = 90%
Appendix N. Critical Review statement