TemaNord 2024:513

Recycling of Critical Raw Materials in the Nordics

Recycling of Critical Raw Materials in the Nordics

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Executive summary Sammendrag (Norsk) 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope of work 1.1.1 Methodology 1.2 What are critical raw materials (CRM) and why are they important? 1.3 Markets and value chains for critical raw materials 1.3.1 Value chains for primary CRMs 1.3.2 Value chains for secondary CRMs 1.4 European strategy for critical raw materials 1.4.1 The European Union Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) 1.5 Implications of CRMA for the Nordic countries 1.5.1 Nordic regions expected to implement CRMA 1.5.2 Special Nordic conditions 2. Applications of critical raw materials (CRM) 3. Waste types with CRM recycling potential 3.1 Waste streams containing CRMs 3.1.1 Nordic waste streams 3.1.2 Nordic waste streams with direct recycling potential 4. Better collection and sorting of CRM waste in the Nordics 4.1 Barriers to better collection and sorting of CRM waste 5. Better recycling of waste containing CRMs 5.1 Recycling of CRM-waste in the Nordics 5.2 Barriers to better recycling of CRM waste 6. Measures and instruments for increased recycling of CRMs 6.1 Pre-collection measures 6.2 Measures for improved collection and sorting of CRM-waste 6.3 Measures for improved recycling of waste containing CRMs 7. Preliminary conclusions and proposals for further work 7.1 Suggestions for further work Appendix 1 Critical raw materials for EU Aluminium/bauxite Antimony Arsenic Baryte Beryllium Bismuth Boron Cobalt Coking Coal Copper Feldspar Fluorspar Gallium Germanium Hafnium Helium Heavy Rare Earth Elements Light Rare Earth Elements Lithium Magnesium Manganese Natural Graphite Nickel – battery grade Niobium Phosphate rock Phosphorus Platinum Group Metals Scandium Silicon metal Strontium Tantalum Titanium metal Tungsten Vanadium Appendix 2 Nordic CRM enriched waste streams CRM-waste streams in Norway CRM-waste streams in Sweden CRM-waste streams in Denmark CRM-waste streams in Finland CRM-waste streams in Iceland Appendix 3 Waste streams with direct recycling potential Mineral waste streams Waste from processing raw materials Waste from discarded components, assembled products and decommissioned infrastructure and waste treatment. Appendix 4 Collection and sorting of waste in the Nordics Collection and sorting of CRM-waste in Norway Collection and sorting of CRM-waste in Sweden Collection and sorting of CRM-waste in Denmark Collection and sorting of CRM-waste in Finland Collection and sorting of CRM-waste in Iceland Collection and sorting of CRM-waste other autonomic territories in the Nordics Overview of the EPR schemes in the Nordic countries Nordic report Abbreviations

Nordic Council of Ministers I www.norden.org/publications I pub@norden.org